Question 1

Glycogen is the

Accepted Answer

A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  sugar found in RNA. 
A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  sugar found in RNA.

Question 2

Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature 
B)  Concentration of reactants 
C)  Presence of catalysts 
D)  Presence of enzymes 
E)  All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions. 
A)  Temperature 
B)  Concentration of reactants 
C)  Presence of catalysts 
D)  Presence of enzymes 
E)  All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 3

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  Nonpolar (hydrophobic) region 
A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  Nonpolar (hydrophobic) region

Question 4

An electrolyte is

Accepted Answer

A)  a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds. 
B)  a positively charged ion. 
C)  a negatively charged ion. 
D)  a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution. 
E)  the alteration in the three-dimensional structure of a protein. 
A)  a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds. 
B)  a positively charged ion. 
C)  a negatively charged ion. 
D)  a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution. 
E)  the alteration in the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA is found outside a cell. 
B)  RNA contains the base thymine. 
C)  RNA is a single-stranded molecule. 
D)  RNA molecules are antiparallel. 
E)  RNA is a double helix. 
A)  RNA is found outside a cell. 
B)  RNA contains the base thymine. 
C)  RNA is a single-stranded molecule. 
D)  RNA molecules are antiparallel. 
E)  RNA is a double helix.

Question 6

Chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  buffers 
B)  enzymes 
C)  bases 
D)  inorganic compounds 
E)  electrolytes 
A)  buffers 
B)  enzymes 
C)  bases 
D)  inorganic compounds 
E)  electrolytes

Question 7

Cellulose is the

Accepted Answer

A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  sugar found in RNA. 
A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  sugar found in RNA.

Question 8

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "D" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  Nonpolar (hydrophobic) region 
A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  Nonpolar (hydrophobic) region

Question 9

Potential energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
D)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
E)  energy that moves in waves. 
A)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
D)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
E)  energy that moves in waves.

Question 10

Metabolic water refers to the water molecules produced during normal cellular metabolism. Which types of metabolic reactions are important for the production of metabolic water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration reactions 
B)  Hydrolysis reactions 
C)  Catabolic reactions 
D)  Reversible reactions 
A)  Dehydration reactions 
B)  Hydrolysis reactions 
C)  Catabolic reactions 
D)  Reversible reactions

Question 11

A neutral atom will become a cation if it

Accepted Answer

A)  gains electrons. 
B)  gains protons. 
C)  loses electrons. 
D)  loses protons. 
E)  gains neutrons. 
A)  gains electrons. 
B)  gains protons. 
C)  loses electrons. 
D)  loses protons. 
E)  gains neutrons.

Question 12

Eicosanoids

Accepted Answer

A)  are structural proteins. 
B)  are fat-soluble vitamins. 
C)  are components of the plasma membrane. 
D)  comprise the genetic material. 
E)  play a role in the response of tissues to injuries. 
A)  are structural proteins. 
B)  are fat-soluble vitamins. 
C)  are components of the plasma membrane. 
D)  comprise the genetic material. 
E)  play a role in the response of tissues to injuries.

Question 13

Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 neutrons and 11 protons 
B)  12 protons and 11 neutrons 
C)  12 electrons and 11 neutrons 
D)  12 protons and 11 electrons 
E)  12 electrons and 11 protons 
A)  12 neutrons and 11 protons 
B)  12 protons and 11 neutrons 
C)  12 electrons and 11 neutrons 
D)  12 protons and 11 electrons 
E)  12 electrons and 11 protons

Question 14

Covalent bonds form when

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic nuclei fuse. 
B)  molecules become ionized. 
C)  neutrons are transferred from one atom to another. 
D)  protons are lost from atoms. 
E)  electrons are shared between two atoms. 
A)  atomic nuclei fuse. 
B)  molecules become ionized. 
C)  neutrons are transferred from one atom to another. 
D)  protons are lost from atoms. 
E)  electrons are shared between two atoms.

Question 15

Two solutions, A and B, have the same osmolality. What does that mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solution A has more solute particles than solution B. 
B)  Solution B has more solute particles than solution A. 
C)  Both solutions have the same number of solute particles. 
D)  Solution A is water and sugar; solution B is water and salt. 
E)  Solution A is pure water, and solution B is water and salt. 
A)  Solution A has more solute particles than solution B. 
B)  Solution B has more solute particles than solution A. 
C)  Both solutions have the same number of solute particles. 
D)  Solution A is water and sugar; solution B is water and salt. 
E)  Solution A is pure water, and solution B is water and salt.

Question 16

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide. 
B)  Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. 
C)  Sodium chloride is dissolved in water. 
D)  Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain. 
E)  ATP is converted to ADP. 
A)  Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide. 
B)  Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. 
C)  Sodium chloride is dissolved in water. 
D)  Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain. 
E)  ATP is converted to ADP.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a use of x-ray imaging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast cancer screening in mammography 
B)  Upper digestive tract abnormalities following barium ingestion 
C)  Brain tumor progression 
D)  Vertebrae fractures 
A)  Breast cancer screening in mammography 
B)  Upper digestive tract abnormalities following barium ingestion 
C)  Brain tumor progression 
D)  Vertebrae fractures

Question 18

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of molecule is found at "E"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen bond 
B)  Water molecule 
C)  Oxygen atom 
D)  Hydrogen atom 
E)  Polar covalent bond 
A)  Hydrogen bond 
B)  Water molecule 
C)  Oxygen atom 
D)  Hydrogen atom 
E)  Polar covalent bond

Question 19

Reactions that use water to split molecules apart are called ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration 
B)  synthesis 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  reversible 
E)  oxidation 
A)  dehydration 
B)  synthesis 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  reversible 
E)  oxidation

Question 20

In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-, a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ will increase. 
B)  H+ will decrease. 
C)  H+ will be unchanged. 
A)  H+ will increase. 
B)  H+ will decrease. 
C)  H+ will be unchanged.

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Glycogen is the

Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram?

An electrolyte is

Which of the following statements best describes RNA?

Chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as ________.

Cellulose is the

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "D" represent on the diagram?

Potential energy is

Metabolic water refers to the water molecules produced during normal cellular metabolism. Which types of metabolic reactions are important for the production of metabolic water?

A neutral atom will become a cation if it

Eicosanoids

Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has ________.

Covalent bonds form when

Two solutions, A and B, have the same osmolality. What does that mean?

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Which of the following is not a use of x-ray imaging?

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of molecule is found at "E"?

Reactions that use water to split molecules apart are called ________ reactions.

In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-, a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?

The Human Organism

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

In the reversible reaction, CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃ ↔ H⁺ + HCO₃-, a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO₂ in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H⁺ in the blood?