Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ________ than interstitial fluid.

Adequate Ca²⁺ absorption from the GI tract depends on

Increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid

An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a/an ________ in H⁺ ions and a/an ________ in blood pH.

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the ________.

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A major complication of thyroid surgery is the accidental damaging or removal of the parathyroid glands. This damage or removal of the parathyroid glands can result in

The predominant extracellular cation is ________.

Extracellular fluid has a ________.

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to ________.

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of H⁺, which of the following will result?

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called ________ and is important in ________ control.

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase ________.

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ________ in thirst sensations.

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a/an ________ in the secretion of ADH and a/an ________ in thirst.

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of Na⁺ lost in the urine ________.

Which hormone regulates K⁺ levels, and how does it work?

When aldosterone is absent, Na⁺ reabsorption in the nephron is ________.