Question 1

Concerning heart sounds, which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole. 
B)  The second heart sound is heard when the AV valves are closing. 
C)  The first heart sound is the sound of the semilunar valves closing. 
D)  The second heart sound occurs when blood flows into the superior vena cava. 
E)  The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole. 
A)  The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole. 
B)  The second heart sound is heard when the AV valves are closing. 
C)  The first heart sound is the sound of the semilunar valves closing. 
D)  The second heart sound occurs when blood flows into the superior vena cava. 
E)  The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole. A

Question 2

Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stopping smoking 
B)  Exercise 
C)  Maintaining normal cholesterol levels 
D)  Chronic stress 
E)  High-fiber diet 
A)  Stopping smoking 
B)  Exercise 
C)  Maintaining normal cholesterol levels 
D)  Chronic stress 
E)  High-fiber diet D

Question 3

Blood flow through the coronary blood vessels decreases during myocardial contraction and increases during myocardial relaxation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  coronary sinus. 
C)  pulmonary vein. 
D)  superior vena cava. 
E)  pulmonary trunk. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  coronary sinus. 
C)  pulmonary vein. 
D)  superior vena cava. 
E)  pulmonary trunk.

Question 5

Which of the following will increase the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rise in pH 
B)  An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood 
C)  An increase in the level of blood oxygen 
D)  An increase in blood pressure 
E)  A decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood 
A)  A rise in pH 
B)  An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood 
C)  An increase in the level of blood oxygen 
D)  An increase in blood pressure 
E)  A decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 6

An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node. 
B)  The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node. 
C)  Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual. 
D)  Ventricular contraction is faster than usual. 
E)  The atria are not contracting. 
A)  The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node. 
B)  The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node. 
C)  Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual. 
D)  Ventricular contraction is faster than usual. 
E)  The atria are not contracting.

Question 7

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because

Accepted Answer

A)  of the superior location of the SA node in the right atrium. 
B)  the SA node is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  of the rich sympathetic innervation of the SA node. 
D)  this area produces action potentials more rapidly than any other portion of the conduction system. 
E)  of action potentials from the cardioregulatory center. 
A)  of the superior location of the SA node in the right atrium. 
B)  the SA node is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  of the rich sympathetic innervation of the SA node. 
D)  this area produces action potentials more rapidly than any other portion of the conduction system. 
E)  of action potentials from the cardioregulatory center.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning the cardiac cycle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood enters the right and left atria only during diastole. 
B)  Most ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract. 
C)  During ventricular systole, the AV valves open. 
D)  The semilunar valves remain closed throughout ventricular systole. 
E)  Most of end-diastolic volume comes from active filling. 
A)  Blood enters the right and left atria only during diastole. 
B)  Most ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract. 
C)  During ventricular systole, the AV valves open. 
D)  The semilunar valves remain closed throughout ventricular systole. 
E)  Most of end-diastolic volume comes from active filling.

Question 9

Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epicardium 
B)  Pericardium 
C)  Endocardium 
D)  Myocardium 
E)  Visceral pericardium 
A)  Epicardium 
B)  Pericardium 
C)  Endocardium 
D)  Myocardium 
E)  Visceral pericardium

Question 10

The period of time in which cardiac muscle cells are insensitive to further stimulation is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute refractory period. 
B)  hyperpolarization period. 
C)  AV period. 
D)  SA period. 
E)  ectopic focus. 
A)  absolute refractory period. 
B)  hyperpolarization period. 
C)  AV period. 
D)  SA period. 
E)  ectopic focus.

Question 11

Stroke volume is increased by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  high arterial blood pressure 
B)  negative inotropic agents 
C)  increased venous return 
D)  increased afterload 
E)  dehydration 
A)  high arterial blood pressure 
B)  negative inotropic agents 
C)  increased venous return 
D)  increased afterload 
E)  dehydration

Question 12

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body is accomplished through the ________ circulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic 
B)  pulmonary 
C)  peripheral 
D)  systemic 
A)  hepatic 
B)  pulmonary 
C)  peripheral 
D)  systemic

Question 13

Lowered extracellular K+ levels will lower the heart rate because

Accepted Answer

A)  the resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized. 
B)  ectopic action potentials occur. 
C)  action potential amplitude declines. 
D)  more Na+ channels open. 
E)  it blocks Ca2+ channels. 
A)  the resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized. 
B)  ectopic action potentials occur. 
C)  action potential amplitude declines. 
D)  more Na+ channels open. 
E)  it blocks Ca2+ channels.

Question 14

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase its rate and force of contraction. 
B)  contract with greater force but at a slower rate. 
C)  decrease both its rate and force of contraction. 
D)  contract with less force but at a faster rate. 
E)  decrease rate, but increase force of contraction. 
A)  increase its rate and force of contraction. 
B)  contract with greater force but at a slower rate. 
C)  decrease both its rate and force of contraction. 
D)  contract with less force but at a faster rate. 
E)  decrease rate, but increase force of contraction.

Question 15

During hemorrhagic shock in which blood pressure is decreased, which of the regulatory mechanisms is most important is increasing cardiac output to help maintain blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  Increase venous return 
C)  Increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
D)  Increase vagal stimulation of the heart 
E)  Increase in the amplitude of the heart sounds 
A)  Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  Increase venous return 
C)  Increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
D)  Increase vagal stimulation of the heart 
E)  Increase in the amplitude of the heart sounds

Question 16

A red blood cell that is flowing through the aorta would pass through ________ heart valves before reaching the right ventricle.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four

Question 17

A serious condition in which a large amount of fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity and puts pressure on the heart is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  endocarditis 
B)  pericarditis 
C)  a myocardial infarction 
D)  cardiac tamponade 
A)  endocarditis 
B)  pericarditis 
C)  a myocardial infarction 
D)  cardiac tamponade

Question 18

Fred was admitted to the cardiac unit with chest pains. No arrhythmias and no large changes in the heart rate were observable. Blood samples taken over the next few days showed no increase in enzymes, such as creatine phosphokinase. A possible treatment of the condition is

Accepted Answer

A)  beta adrenergic blocking agents. 
B)  nitroglycerin. 
C)  calcium channel blocking agents. 
D)  aspirin. 
E)  exercise. 
A)  beta adrenergic blocking agents. 
B)  nitroglycerin. 
C)  calcium channel blocking agents. 
D)  aspirin. 
E)  exercise.

Question 19

Stimulation of the heart via the sympathetic nerves would

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease heart rate. 
B)  decrease stroke volume. 
C)  increase the force of ventricular contraction. 
D)  increase end-systolic volume. 
E)  not affect heart rate and force of contraction. 
A)  decrease heart rate. 
B)  decrease stroke volume. 
C)  increase the force of ventricular contraction. 
D)  increase end-systolic volume. 
E)  not affect heart rate and force of contraction.

Question 20

The right atrium receives blood from

Accepted Answer

A)  the lungs and the heart. 
B)  the heart. 
C)  the body and the heart. 
D)  the lungs and the body. 
A)  the lungs and the heart. 
B)  the heart. 
C)  the body and the heart. 
D)  the lungs and the body.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Concerning heart sounds, which of the following is correct?

Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Blood flow through the coronary blood vessels decreases during myocardial contraction and increases during myocardial relaxation.

During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the

Which of the following will increase the heart rate?

An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because

Which of the following statements concerning the cardiac cycle is true?

Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall?

The period of time in which cardiac muscle cells are insensitive to further stimulation is called the

Stroke volume is increased by ________.

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body is accomplished through the ________ circulation.

Lowered extracellular K+ levels will lower the heart rate because

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will

During hemorrhagic shock in which blood pressure is decreased, which of the regulatory mechanisms is most important is increasing cardiac output to help maintain blood pressure?

A red blood cell that is flowing through the aorta would pass through ________ heart valves before reaching the right ventricle.

A serious condition in which a large amount of fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity and puts pressure on the heart is ________.

Fred was admitted to the cardiac unit with chest pains. No arrhythmias and no large changes in the heart rate were observable. Blood samples taken over the next few days showed no increase in enzymes, such as creatine phosphokinase. A possible treatment of the condition is

Stimulation of the heart via the sympathetic nerves would

The right atrium receives blood from

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Lowered extracellular K⁺ levels will lower the heart rate because