Question 1

During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  falls rapidly 
B)  rises rapidly 
C)  remains constant 
D)  rises and then falls 
E)  falls and then rises 
A)  falls rapidly 
B)  rises rapidly 
C)  remains constant 
D)  rises and then falls 
E)  falls and then rises

Question 2

A direct connection between arteries is called a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  auricle 
B)  sulcus 
C)  sinus 
D)  anastamosis 
A)  auricle 
B)  sulcus 
C)  sinus 
D)  anastamosis

Question 3

Regurgitation of blood flow through the aortic semilunar valve would give rise to

Accepted Answer

A)  the first heart sound. 
B)  the second heart sound. 
C)  a heart murmur. 
D)  an extra heart beat. 
E)  end-systolic volume. 
A)  the first heart sound. 
B)  the second heart sound. 
C)  a heart murmur. 
D)  an extra heart beat. 
E)  end-systolic volume.

Question 4

The long absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle cells

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures a short twitch. 
B)  prevents tetanus. 
C)  makes the heart prone to arrhythmias. 
D)  prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses. 
E)  causes the pacemaker potential. 
A)  ensures a short twitch. 
B)  prevents tetanus. 
C)  makes the heart prone to arrhythmias. 
D)  prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses. 
E)  causes the pacemaker potential.

Question 5

Which of the following pairs concerning action potentials in cardiac muscle is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opening of Na+ channels - depolarization 
B)  Closing of Ca2+ channels - plateau phase 
C)  Opening of K+ channels - rapid repolarization 
D)  Closure of Na+ channels - early repolarization 
E)  Opening of Ca2+ channels - plateau phase 
A)  Opening of Na+ channels - depolarization 
B)  Closing of Ca2+ channels - plateau phase 
C)  Opening of K+ channels - rapid repolarization 
D)  Closure of Na+ channels - early repolarization 
E)  Opening of Ca2+ channels - plateau phase

Question 6

All of the following structural changes found in the heart occur with the normal aging process, except

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy of the left ventricle. 
B)  decreased elasticity of large vessels. 
C)  decreased valve flexibility. 
D)  increased elasticity of large vessels. 
E)  atrophy of conduction cells. 
A)  hypertrophy of the left ventricle. 
B)  decreased elasticity of large vessels. 
C)  decreased valve flexibility. 
D)  increased elasticity of large vessels. 
E)  atrophy of conduction cells.

Question 7

Mean arterial pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac output times peripheral resistance. 
B)  end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume. 
C)  maximum cardiac output minus cardiac output when at rest. 
D)  heart rate times stroke volume. 
E)  stroke volume times peripheral resistance. 
A)  cardiac output times peripheral resistance. 
B)  end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume. 
C)  maximum cardiac output minus cardiac output when at rest. 
D)  heart rate times stroke volume. 
E)  stroke volume times peripheral resistance.

Question 8

Excess K+ in cardiac tissue causes

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased heart rate. 
B)  a rapid repolarization of cardiac cells. 
C)  a decrease in the frequency of action potentials in the conduction system. 
D)  an increase in stroke volume. 
E)  an increase in the frequency of action potentials. 
A)  an increased heart rate. 
B)  a rapid repolarization of cardiac cells. 
C)  a decrease in the frequency of action potentials in the conduction system. 
D)  an increase in stroke volume. 
E)  an increase in the frequency of action potentials.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme given to someone experiencing a myocardial infarction to break up blood clots?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptokinase 
B)  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-Pa) 
C)  Nitroglycerin 
D)  Urokinase 
A)  Streptokinase 
B)  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-Pa) 
C)  Nitroglycerin 
D)  Urokinase

Question 10

What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradycardia 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Second-degree AV node block 
D)  Tachycardia 
A)  Bradycardia 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Second-degree AV node block 
D)  Tachycardia

Question 11

As soon as left ventricular pressure exceeds the pressure in the aorta, the

Accepted Answer

A)  AV valves open. 
B)  aortic semilunar valve opens. 
C)  atria pump blood into the ventricles. 
D)  ventricles pump blood into the atria. 
E)  pulmonary semilunar valve closes. 
A)  AV valves open. 
B)  aortic semilunar valve opens. 
C)  atria pump blood into the ventricles. 
D)  ventricles pump blood into the atria. 
E)  pulmonary semilunar valve closes.

Question 12

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood oxygen levels are primarily located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  carotid arteries. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  jugular veins. 
A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  carotid arteries. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  jugular veins.

Question 13

The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in

Accepted Answer

A)  the left ventricle. 
B)  the infundibulum of the hypothalamus. 
C)  structures near the carotids and aortic arch. 
D)  the medulla oblongata. 
E)  the right ventricle. 
A)  the left ventricle. 
B)  the infundibulum of the hypothalamus. 
C)  structures near the carotids and aortic arch. 
D)  the medulla oblongata. 
E)  the right ventricle.

Question 14

Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary trunk 
B)  Ascending aorta 
C)  Superior vena cava 
D)  Inferior vena cava 
E)  Right pulmonary vein 
A)  Pulmonary trunk 
B)  Ascending aorta 
C)  Superior vena cava 
D)  Inferior vena cava 
E)  Right pulmonary vein

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic regulation of the heart is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretching the SA node will decrease generation of action potentials in the node. 
B)  Decreased venous return increases cardiac output. 
C)  The heart's pumping effectiveness is greatly influenced by small changes in afterload. 
D)  If cardiac muscle cells are slightly stretched, they have a stronger contraction force. 
E)  If cardiac muscle cells are slightly stretched, they have a weaker contraction force. 
A)  Stretching the SA node will decrease generation of action potentials in the node. 
B)  Decreased venous return increases cardiac output. 
C)  The heart's pumping effectiveness is greatly influenced by small changes in afterload. 
D)  If cardiac muscle cells are slightly stretched, they have a stronger contraction force. 
E)  If cardiac muscle cells are slightly stretched, they have a weaker contraction force.

Question 16

What action is most responsible for the resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels 
B)  Movement of Na+ through open Na+ channels 
C)  Movement of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  Closing of Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels 
A)  Movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels 
B)  Movement of Na+ through open Na+ channels 
C)  Movement of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  Closing of Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels

Question 17

Diagnostic tests done on a patient show that many coronary arteries, including the left main coronary artery are severely narrowed. Which of the following is the best course of action to treat this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiogram 
B)  Angioplasty 
C)  Coronary bypass surgery 
D)  Electrocardiogram 
E)  Urokinase injections 
A)  Angiogram 
B)  Angioplasty 
C)  Coronary bypass surgery 
D)  Electrocardiogram 
E)  Urokinase injections

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary vein 
B)  Inferior vena cava 
C)  Superior vena cava 
D)  Coronary sinus 
A)  Pulmonary vein 
B)  Inferior vena cava 
C)  Superior vena cava 
D)  Coronary sinus

Question 19

Blood does not enter or leave the ventricles during the period called

Accepted Answer

A)  ejection. 
B)  rapid filling. 
C)  atrial systole. 
D)  isovolumetric contraction. 
E)  active and passive filling. 
A)  ejection. 
B)  rapid filling. 
C)  atrial systole. 
D)  isovolumetric contraction. 
E)  active and passive filling.

Question 20

End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume is equal to

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac output. 
B)  cardiac reserve. 
C)  pulse volume. 
D)  venous return. 
E)  stroke volume. 
A)  cardiac output. 
B)  cardiac reserve. 
C)  pulse volume. 
D)  venous return. 
E)  stroke volume.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles ________.

A direct connection between arteries is called a/an ________.

Regurgitation of blood flow through the aortic semilunar valve would give rise to

The long absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle cells

Which of the following pairs concerning action potentials in cardiac muscle is mismatched?

All of the following structural changes found in the heart occur with the normal aging process, except

Mean arterial pressure is

Excess K+ in cardiac tissue causes

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme given to someone experiencing a myocardial infarction to break up blood clots?

What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions?

As soon as left ventricular pressure exceeds the pressure in the aorta, the

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood oxygen levels are primarily located in the

The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in

Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?

Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic regulation of the heart is true?

What action is most responsible for the resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

Diagnostic tests done on a patient show that many coronary arteries, including the left main coronary artery are severely narrowed. Which of the following is the best course of action to treat this patient?

Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium?

Blood does not enter or leave the ventricles during the period called

End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume is equal to

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