Question 1

Small changes in ________ will have a large impact on the heart's pumping effectiveness, while large changes in ________ do not impact the effectiveness much.

Accepted Answer

A)  afterload; preload 
B)  preload; afterload 
C)  contractility; preload 
D)  afterload; contractility 
E)  contractility; afterload 
A)  afterload; preload 
B)  preload; afterload 
C)  contractility; preload 
D)  afterload; contractility 
E)  contractility; afterload

Question 2

The epicardium

Accepted Answer

A)  covers the surface of the heart. 
B)  lines the walls of the ventricles. 
C)  is known as the fibrous pericardium. 
D)  attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm. 
E)  is also called endocardium. 
A)  covers the surface of the heart. 
B)  lines the walls of the ventricles. 
C)  is known as the fibrous pericardium. 
D)  attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm. 
E)  is also called endocardium.

Question 3

Blood vessels enter and exit from the ________ of the heart.

Accepted Answer

A)  apex 
B)  base 
C)  auricles 
D)  trigone 
E)  inferior aspect 
A)  apex 
B)  base 
C)  auricles 
D)  trigone 
E)  inferior aspect

Question 4

When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure,

Accepted Answer

A)  left ventricular ejection begins. 
B)  aortic blood pressure begins to rise. 
C)  the bicuspid (mitral) valve opens. 
D)  ventricular volume decreases. 
E)  the tricuspid valve opens. 
A)  left ventricular ejection begins. 
B)  aortic blood pressure begins to rise. 
C)  the bicuspid (mitral) valve opens. 
D)  ventricular volume decreases. 
E)  the tricuspid valve opens.

Question 5

The P wave of an electrocardiogram indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial depolarization. 
B)  atrial repolarization. 
C)  ventricular depolarization. 
D)  ventricular repolarization. 
E)  threshold. 
A)  atrial depolarization. 
B)  atrial repolarization. 
C)  ventricular depolarization. 
D)  ventricular repolarization. 
E)  threshold.

Question 6

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the ________ heart sound that occurs when the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lubb (S1); atria contract 
B)  dupp (S2); atria relax 
C)  lubb (S1); ventricles contract 
D)  dupp (S2); ventricles relax 
E)  lubb (S1); ventricles relax 
A)  lubb (S1); atria contract 
B)  dupp (S2); atria relax 
C)  lubb (S1); ventricles contract 
D)  dupp (S2); ventricles relax 
E)  lubb (S1); ventricles relax

Question 7

The action potentials are slowed at the AV node to allow the

Accepted Answer

A)  ventricles to repolarize. 
B)  ventricles to completely empty of blood. 
C)  pacemaker to reset for the next beat. 
D)  atria to complete their contraction. 
E)  atria to begin their contraction. 
A)  ventricles to repolarize. 
B)  ventricles to completely empty of blood. 
C)  pacemaker to reset for the next beat. 
D)  atria to complete their contraction. 
E)  atria to begin their contraction.

Question 8

The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to

Accepted Answer

A)  pulse pressure in the aorta. 
B)  the contraction of the atria. 
C)  vibrations that occur when the valves close. 
D)  contraction of the papillary muscles. 
E)  the flow of the blood. 
A)  pulse pressure in the aorta. 
B)  the contraction of the atria. 
C)  vibrations that occur when the valves close. 
D)  contraction of the papillary muscles. 
E)  the flow of the blood.

Question 9

All cardiac veins empty into the ________, which then empties into the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  coronary sinus; left atrium 
B)  coronary sinus; right atrium 
C)  great cardiac vein; right atrium 
D)  great cardiac vein; superior vena cava 
E)  inferior vena cava; left atrium 
A)  coronary sinus; left atrium 
B)  coronary sinus; right atrium 
C)  great cardiac vein; right atrium 
D)  great cardiac vein; superior vena cava 
E)  inferior vena cava; left atrium

Question 10

Which of the following terms is mismatched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocardium - covers the inner surfaces of the heart 
B)  Myocardium - cardiac muscle 
C)  Trabeculae carneae - found on the interior walls of ventricles 
D)  Pectinate muscles - muscles that close valves 
E)  Chordae tendineae - connective tissue strings that connect to cusps of valves 
A)  Endocardium - covers the inner surfaces of the heart 
B)  Myocardium - cardiac muscle 
C)  Trabeculae carneae - found on the interior walls of ventricles 
D)  Pectinate muscles - muscles that close valves 
E)  Chordae tendineae - connective tissue strings that connect to cusps of valves

Question 11

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation of the myocardium. 
B)  blood supply to cardiac muscle. 
C)  fluid in the pericardial sac. 
D)  contractility of the heart. 
E)  action potentials from SA node. 
A)  stimulation of the myocardium. 
B)  blood supply to cardiac muscle. 
C)  fluid in the pericardial sac. 
D)  contractility of the heart. 
E)  action potentials from SA node.

Question 12

An incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  coronary circulation. 
E)  right atrium. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  coronary circulation. 
E)  right atrium.

Question 13

Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing 
B)  gravity 
C)  valves contracting and relaxing 
D)  osmotic gradients 
E)  pressure gradients 
A)  breathing 
B)  gravity 
C)  valves contracting and relaxing 
D)  osmotic gradients 
E)  pressure gradients

Question 14

What vessel exits the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary trunk 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Aorta 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
A)  Pulmonary trunk 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Aorta 
D)  Pulmonary artery

Question 15

The function of the pericardial fluid is to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce friction between the pericardial membranes. 
B)  lubricate the heart valves. 
C)  replace any blood that is lost. 
D)  provide oxygen and nutrients to the endocardium. 
E)  stimulate the heart. 
A)  reduce friction between the pericardial membranes. 
B)  lubricate the heart valves. 
C)  replace any blood that is lost. 
D)  provide oxygen and nutrients to the endocardium. 
E)  stimulate the heart.

Question 16

The heart skeleton is fibrous connective tissue that acts as an electrical barrier between the atria and ventricles. If this structure was not functional, which of the following conditions might occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in pericardial fluid in the pericardial space 
B)  Occlusion of the coronary arteries 
C)  Spread of ectopic stimuli from the atria to the ventricles 
D)  Blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium 
A)  Increase in pericardial fluid in the pericardial space 
B)  Occlusion of the coronary arteries 
C)  Spread of ectopic stimuli from the atria to the ventricles 
D)  Blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

Question 17

The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  Increased heart rate 
C)  Increased cardiac output 
D)  Increased force of contraction 
E)  Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
A)  Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  Increased heart rate 
C)  Increased cardiac output 
D)  Increased force of contraction 
E)  Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Question 18

From the right ventricle, blood flows directly into the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta 
B)  right atrium 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  pulmonary arteries 
E)  pulmonary veins 
A)  aorta 
B)  right atrium 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  pulmonary arteries 
E)  pulmonary veins

Question 19

A knowledge of heart location would NOT be important for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure readings 
B)  Stethoscope positioning 
C)  Electrocardiogram 
D)  Cardiopulmonary resucitation 
A)  Blood pressure readings 
B)  Stethoscope positioning 
C)  Electrocardiogram 
D)  Cardiopulmonary resucitation

Question 20

Within normal limits, an increase in preload leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
B)  a decrease in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
C)  an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in the force of left ventricular contraction. 
D)  a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in the force of left ventricular contraction. 
E)  a decrease in stroke volume and heart rate. 
A)  an increase in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
B)  a decrease in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
C)  an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in the force of left ventricular contraction. 
D)  a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in the force of left ventricular contraction. 
E)  a decrease in stroke volume and heart rate.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Small changes in ________ will have a large impact on the heart's pumping effectiveness, while large changes in ________ do not impact the effectiveness much.

The epicardium

Blood vessels enter and exit from the ________ of the heart.

When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure,

The P wave of an electrocardiogram indicates

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the ________ heart sound that occurs when the ________.

The action potentials are slowed at the AV node to allow the

The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to

All cardiac veins empty into the ________, which then empties into the ________.

Which of the following terms is mismatched with its description?

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced

An incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by ________.

What vessel exits the left ventricle?

The function of the pericardial fluid is to

The heart skeleton is fibrous connective tissue that acts as an electrical barrier between the atria and ventricles. If this structure was not functional, which of the following conditions might occur?

The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

From the right ventricle, blood flows directly into the ________.

A knowledge of heart location would NOT be important for which of the following?

Within normal limits, an increase in preload leads to

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Small changes in will have a large impact on the heart's pumping effectiveness, while large changes in do not impact the effectiveness much.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the heart sound that occurs when the .

All cardiac veins empty into the , which then empties into the .