Question 1

Under resting conditions, the normal stroke volume is approximately ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  55 mL 
B)  70 mL 
C)  110 mL 
D)  125 mL 
E)  180 mL 
A)  55 mL 
B)  70 mL 
C)  110 mL 
D)  125 mL 
E)  180 mL

Question 2

Calcium channel blockers are frequently used to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the heart rate. 
B)  treat tachycardia or other arrhythmias. 
C)  speed up conduction of impulses through the AV node. 
D)  slow the closing of K+ channels. 
E)  treat bradycardia and low blood pressure. 
A)  increase the heart rate. 
B)  treat tachycardia or other arrhythmias. 
C)  speed up conduction of impulses through the AV node. 
D)  slow the closing of K+ channels. 
E)  treat bradycardia and low blood pressure.

Question 3

The pericardial sac is lined with

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous pericardium. 
B)  parietal pericardium. 
C)  visceral pericardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  epicardium. 
A)  fibrous pericardium. 
B)  parietal pericardium. 
C)  visceral pericardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  epicardium.

Question 4

The chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  right ventricle. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  coronary sinus. 
A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  right ventricle. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  coronary sinus.

Question 5

Ventricular contraction begins at the

Accepted Answer

A)  AV bundle. 
B)  apex of the heart. 
C)  base of the heart. 
D)  superior portion of the interventricular septum. 
E)  top of the ventricles. 
A)  AV bundle. 
B)  apex of the heart. 
C)  base of the heart. 
D)  superior portion of the interventricular septum. 
E)  top of the ventricles.

Question 6

The ion primarily responsible for depolarization in pacemaker cells is ________, whereas the ion primarily responsible for this in other cardiac cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+; Ca2+ 
B)  Ca2+; Na+ 
C)  K+; Na+ 
D)  Ca2+; K+ 
A)  Na+; Ca2+ 
B)  Ca2+; Na+ 
C)  K+; Na+ 
D)  Ca2+; K+

Question 7

Identify the structures that contribute to the slow onset of contraction and prolonged contraction phase in cardiac muscle tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  Desmosomes 
B)  Gap junctions 
C)  Intercalated discs 
D)  T-tubules 
E)  Terminal cisternae 
A)  Desmosomes 
B)  Gap junctions 
C)  Intercalated discs 
D)  T-tubules 
E)  Terminal cisternae

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle fiber striations 
B)  Dependence upon nervous stimulation 
C)  Communication via electrical (gap) junctions 
D)  Intercalated discs 
E)  Autorhythmicity 
A)  Muscle fiber striations 
B)  Dependence upon nervous stimulation 
C)  Communication via electrical (gap) junctions 
D)  Intercalated discs 
E)  Autorhythmicity

Question 9

The spontaneous opening of Na+ channels marks the beginning of ________ of a cardiac muscle cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  hyperpolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  afterpolarization 
A)  depolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  hyperpolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  afterpolarization

Question 10

Calcium-induced calcium release occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum stimulates the movement of Ca2+ into the cell through the plasma membrane. 
B)  Ca2+ is released from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the cardiac muscle cell. 
C)  the eflux of Ca2+ from the cell results in depolarization. 
D)  Ca2+ entering through the plasma membrane stimulates release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum stimulates the movement of Ca2+ into the cell through the plasma membrane. 
B)  Ca2+ is released from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the cardiac muscle cell. 
C)  the eflux of Ca2+ from the cell results in depolarization. 
D)  Ca2+ entering through the plasma membrane stimulates release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 11

Why is body temperature sometimes reduced during heart surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)  To slow respiration 
B)  To increase heart rate 
C)  To decrease heart rate 
D)  To increase the oxygen content of blood 
A)  To slow respiration 
B)  To increase heart rate 
C)  To decrease heart rate 
D)  To increase the oxygen content of blood

Question 12

Which of the following phrases would apply to cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organized in parallel columns or bundles 
B)  Contain actin but no myosin 
C)  Develop a significant oxygen deficit during systole 
D)  Multinucleated like skeletal muscle fibers 
E)  Possess special cell-to-cell contacts called intercalated discs 
A)  Organized in parallel columns or bundles 
B)  Contain actin but no myosin 
C)  Develop a significant oxygen deficit during systole 
D)  Multinucleated like skeletal muscle fibers 
E)  Possess special cell-to-cell contacts called intercalated discs

Question 13

After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  right ventricle 
B)  pulmonary trunk 
C)  superior vena cava 
D)  ascending aorta 
E)  left atrium 
A)  right ventricle 
B)  pulmonary trunk 
C)  superior vena cava 
D)  ascending aorta 
E)  left atrium

Question 14

The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  prolongs depolarization of the cardiac muscle. 
B)  prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. 
C)  ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract. 
D)  prevents the heart rate from slowing down. 
E)  prevents an increase in heart rate. 
A)  prolongs depolarization of the cardiac muscle. 
B)  prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. 
C)  ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract. 
D)  prevents the heart rate from slowing down. 
E)  prevents an increase in heart rate.

Question 15

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the

Accepted Answer

A)  right bundle branch. 
B)  left bundle branch. 
C)  AV node. 
D)  SA node. 
E)  PM node. 
A)  right bundle branch. 
B)  left bundle branch. 
C)  AV node. 
D)  SA node. 
E)  PM node.

Question 16

The tricuspid valve is closed

Accepted Answer

A)  during active filling of the ventricles. 
B)  when the mitral valve is open. 
C)  while the atria are contracting. 
D)  during ejection. 
E)  during passive filling of the ventricles. 
A)  during active filling of the ventricles. 
B)  when the mitral valve is open. 
C)  while the atria are contracting. 
D)  during ejection. 
E)  during passive filling of the ventricles.

Question 17

Which of the following events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Threshold 
B)  Depolarization 
C)  Early repolarization 
D)  Final repolarization 
E)  Pacemaker potential 
A)  Threshold 
B)  Depolarization 
C)  Early repolarization 
D)  Final repolarization 
E)  Pacemaker potential

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles 
B)  Supplies support and reinforcement for the valves 
C)  Provides a rigid site for cardiac muscle attachment 
D)  All of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton. 
A)  Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles 
B)  Supplies support and reinforcement for the valves 
C)  Provides a rigid site for cardiac muscle attachment 
D)  All of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton.

Question 19

Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attack 
B)  angina 
C)  necrosis 
D)  cirrhosis 
E)  infarction 
A)  attack 
B)  angina 
C)  necrosis 
D)  cirrhosis 
E)  infarction

Question 20

Which statement accurately describes a condition of the heart chambers during the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously. 
B)  The left atrium contracts before the right atrium. 
C)  All four chambers of the heart contract at the same time. 
D)  All four chambers of the heart are in diastole at the same time. 
A)  The right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously. 
B)  The left atrium contracts before the right atrium. 
C)  All four chambers of the heart contract at the same time. 
D)  All four chambers of the heart are in diastole at the same time.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Under resting conditions, the normal stroke volume is approximately ________.

Calcium channel blockers are frequently used to

The pericardial sac is lined with

The chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure is the

Ventricular contraction begins at the

The ion primarily responsible for depolarization in pacemaker cells is ________, whereas the ion primarily responsible for this in other cardiac cells is ________.

Identify the structures that contribute to the slow onset of contraction and prolonged contraction phase in cardiac muscle tissue.

Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

The spontaneous opening of Na+ channels marks the beginning of ________ of a cardiac muscle cell.

Calcium-induced calcium release occurs when

Why is body temperature sometimes reduced during heart surgery?

Which of the following phrases would apply to cardiac muscle cells?

After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the ________.

The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the

The tricuspid valve is closed

Which of the following events occurs first?

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial ________.

Which statement accurately describes a condition of the heart chambers during the cardiac cycle?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

The ion primarily responsible for depolarization in pacemaker cells is , whereas the ion primarily responsible for this in other cardiac cells is .

The spontaneous opening of Na⁺ channels marks the beginning of ________ of a cardiac muscle cell.