Question 1

All of the following are functions of the heart, except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  generating blood pressure 
B)  separating pulmonary and systemic circulations 
C)  moving blood in one direction 
D)  adjusting blood supply, depending on tissue needs 
E)  adjusting blood gas levels, depending on tissue needs 
A)  generating blood pressure 
B)  separating pulmonary and systemic circulations 
C)  moving blood in one direction 
D)  adjusting blood supply, depending on tissue needs 
E)  adjusting blood gas levels, depending on tissue needs

Question 2

The adult heart averages ________ grams.

Accepted Answer

A)  100-200 
B)  50-100 
C)  250-300 
D)  400-500 
A)  100-200 
B)  50-100 
C)  250-300 
D)  400-500

Question 3

If cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac output to increase. 
B)  no harm. These cells can spontaneously depolarize anyway. 
C)  the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest. 
D)  an increased demand on mitochondria to produce more ATP. 
E)  tachycardia. 
A)  cardiac output to increase. 
B)  no harm. These cells can spontaneously depolarize anyway. 
C)  the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest. 
D)  an increased demand on mitochondria to produce more ATP. 
E)  tachycardia.

Question 4

In a physiology lab, the students designed an experiment to illustrate how the heart responds to changes in blood pressure. Everyone relaxed and then did a headstand. Which of the following observations are consistent with the change in the function of their hearts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased heart rate 
B)  Decreased heart rate 
C)  Increased stroke volume 
D)  Decreased stroke volume 
E)  Both decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume 
A)  Increased heart rate 
B)  Decreased heart rate 
C)  Increased stroke volume 
D)  Decreased stroke volume 
E)  Both decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart is about the size of a closed fist. 
B)  The heart is located in the mediastinum. 
C)  The apex of the heart is directed superiorly and to the left. 
D)  Knowing the heart's position is important for effective CPR. 
A)  The heart is about the size of a closed fist. 
B)  The heart is located in the mediastinum. 
C)  The apex of the heart is directed superiorly and to the left. 
D)  Knowing the heart's position is important for effective CPR.

Question 6

Action potentials pass from one cardiac muscle cell to another through areas of low electrical resistance called

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions. 
B)  fibrous heart rings. 
C)  electromagnetic discs. 
D)  sarcolemma sclerotic plaques. 
E)  tight junctions. 
A)  gap junctions. 
B)  fibrous heart rings. 
C)  electromagnetic discs. 
D)  sarcolemma sclerotic plaques. 
E)  tight junctions.

Question 7

What is the importance of the delay in the action potential in the AV node?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the action potential to reach both ventricles at the same time. 
B)  It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together. 
C)  It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together, before the ventricles contract. 
D)  It allows time for the atria to fill with blood. 
A)  It allows the action potential to reach both ventricles at the same time. 
B)  It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together. 
C)  It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together, before the ventricles contract. 
D)  It allows time for the atria to fill with blood.

Question 8

Which cardiac arrhythmia will have no QRS complex as a symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial fibrillation 
B)  Ventricular fibrillation 
C)  Bradycardia 
D)  Premature ventricular contractions 
A)  Atrial fibrillation 
B)  Ventricular fibrillation 
C)  Bradycardia 
D)  Premature ventricular contractions

Question 9

Cardiac muscle cells

Accepted Answer

A)  have smooth ER but no T tubules. 
B)  form the heart valves. 
C)  are maintained by an extensive capillary network. 
D)  develop a significant oxygen deficit during systole. 
E)  do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle fibers. 
A)  have smooth ER but no T tubules. 
B)  form the heart valves. 
C)  are maintained by an extensive capillary network. 
D)  develop a significant oxygen deficit during systole. 
E)  do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle fibers.

Question 10

Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  AV bundle 
B)  Purkinje fibers 
C)  AV node 
D)  Bundle branch 
E)  The pacemaker 
A)  AV bundle 
B)  Purkinje fibers 
C)  AV node 
D)  Bundle branch 
E)  The pacemaker

Question 11

During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle,

Accepted Answer

A)  AV and semilunar valves are closed. 
B)  the atria are contracted. 
C)  ventricular volume increases. 
D)  blood is pumped into the large arteries. 
E)  pressure in the ventricles decreases. 
A)  AV and semilunar valves are closed. 
B)  the atria are contracted. 
C)  ventricular volume increases. 
D)  blood is pumped into the large arteries. 
E)  pressure in the ventricles decreases.

Question 12

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  carotid arteries. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  jugular veins. 
A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  carotid arteries. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  jugular veins.

Question 13

Which vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aorta 
B)  Right atrium 
C)  Pulmonary trunk 
D)  Pulmonary arteries 
E)  Pulmonary veins 
A)  Aorta 
B)  Right atrium 
C)  Pulmonary trunk 
D)  Pulmonary arteries 
E)  Pulmonary veins

Question 14

If the SA node is nonfunctional, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart will go into asystole (stop). 
B)  Tachycardia will develop. 
C)  Another portion of the heart will become the pacemaker. 
D)  The heart will go into defibrillation. 
E)  The heart will be desensitized. 
A)  The heart will go into asystole (stop). 
B)  Tachycardia will develop. 
C)  Another portion of the heart will become the pacemaker. 
D)  The heart will go into defibrillation. 
E)  The heart will be desensitized.

Question 15

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

Accepted Answer

A)  the permeability to K+ increases. 
B)  many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C)  voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D)  resting membrane potential has been restored. 
E)  permeability of the cell does not change. 
A)  the permeability to K+ increases. 
B)  many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C)  voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D)  resting membrane potential has been restored. 
E)  permeability of the cell does not change.

Question 16

The period of isovolumetric contraction is immediately followed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the period of ejection. 
B)  AV node depolarization. 
C)  passive ventricular filling. 
D)  atrial contraction. 
E)  isovolumetric relaxation. 
A)  the period of ejection. 
B)  AV node depolarization. 
C)  passive ventricular filling. 
D)  atrial contraction. 
E)  isovolumetric relaxation.

Question 17

An increase in extracellular Ca2+ generally increases

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart rate. 
B)  the force of contraction. 
C)  autonomic stimulation of the heart. 
D)  Na+ channel opening. 
E)  the frequency of the action potentials. 
A)  the heart rate. 
B)  the force of contraction. 
C)  autonomic stimulation of the heart. 
D)  Na+ channel opening. 
E)  the frequency of the action potentials.

Question 18

The inner lining of the pericardial cavity is the ________ pericardium, whereas the outer part of the heart wall is called the epicardium or the ________ pericardium.

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous; parietal 
B)  visceral; fibrous 
C)  parietal; visceral 
D)  visceral; parietal 
E)  fibrous; visceral 
A)  fibrous; parietal 
B)  visceral; fibrous 
C)  parietal; visceral 
D)  visceral; parietal 
E)  fibrous; visceral

Question 19

What is the foramen ovale?

Accepted Answer

A)  An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus 
B)  An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus 
C)  An oval hole in the pericardium in the embryo and fetus 
D)  An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus 
A)  An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus 
B)  An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus 
C)  An oval hole in the pericardium in the embryo and fetus 
D)  An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus

Question 20

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the permeability of the plasma membrane to Na+. 
B)  the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
C)  the closure of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels. 
E)  the closure of the voltage-gated Na+ channels. 
A)  a decrease in the permeability of the plasma membrane to Na+. 
B)  the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
C)  the closure of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels. 
E)  the closure of the voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

All of the following are functions of the heart, except ________.

The adult heart averages ________ grams.

If cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause

In a physiology lab, the students designed an experiment to illustrate how the heart responds to changes in blood pressure. Everyone relaxed and then did a headstand. Which of the following observations are consistent with the change in the function of their hearts?

Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

Action potentials pass from one cardiac muscle cell to another through areas of low electrical resistance called

What is the importance of the delay in the action potential in the AV node?

Which cardiac arrhythmia will have no QRS complex as a symptom?

Cardiac muscle cells

Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle,

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the

Which vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs?

If the SA node is nonfunctional, which of the following is most likely to occur?

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

The period of isovolumetric contraction is immediately followed by

An increase in extracellular Ca2+ generally increases

The inner lining of the pericardial cavity is the ________ pericardium, whereas the outer part of the heart wall is called the epicardium or the ________ pericardium.

What is the foramen ovale?

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of

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An increase in extracellular Ca²⁺ generally increases

The inner lining of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium, whereas the outer part of the heart wall is called the epicardium or the pericardium.