Question 1

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ 
B)  Ca2+ 
C)  Na+ 
D)  Mg2+ 
E)  K+ 
A)  H+ 
B)  Ca2+ 
C)  Na+ 
D)  Mg2+ 
E)  K+ A

Question 2

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases.
(1) Decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2) Increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3) Increase in arterial blood pressure
(4) Increase in urine production
(5) Afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
B)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
C)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
A)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
B)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
C)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 D

Question 3

Voluntary micturition

Accepted Answer

A)  involves higher brain centers. 
B)  involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C)  is a reflex action. 
D)  is common in infants. 
E)  involves control of smooth muscle. 
A)  involves higher brain centers. 
B)  involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C)  is a reflex action. 
D)  is common in infants. 
E)  involves control of smooth muscle. A

Question 4

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  High urea concentration in medulla 
B)  Active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C)  The vasa recta 
D)  Functions of the loop of Henle 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  High urea concentration in medulla 
B)  Active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C)  The vasa recta 
D)  Functions of the loop of Henle 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal capsule 
D)  renal pyramid 
E)  renal corpuscle 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal capsule 
D)  renal pyramid 
E)  renal corpuscle

Question 6

The micturition reflex is initiated by the

Accepted Answer

A)  stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder. 
B)  stretching of the walls of the ureters. 
C)  relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder. 
D)  constriction of the external urinary sphincter. 
E)  relaxation of the external urinary sphincter. 
A)  stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder. 
B)  stretching of the walls of the ureters. 
C)  relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder. 
D)  constriction of the external urinary sphincter. 
E)  relaxation of the external urinary sphincter.

Question 7

Which type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli 
B)  Stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
D)  Simple columnar cells with microvilli and cilia 
A)  Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli 
B)  Stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
D)  Simple columnar cells with microvilli and cilia

Question 8

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines 
B)  osmotic diuretics 
C)  thiazide diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics 
A)  xanthines 
B)  osmotic diuretics 
C)  thiazide diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 9

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 1% 
B)  5% 
C)  10% 
D)  80% 
E)  90% 
A)  Less than 1% 
B)  5% 
C)  10% 
D)  80% 
E)  90%

Question 10

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  peritubular capillary 
E)  interlobular artery 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  peritubular capillary 
E)  interlobular artery

Question 11

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased ________ production.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  insulin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  glucagon 
A)  ADH 
B)  insulin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  glucagon

Question 12

Choose the term that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Macula densa 
C)  Juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  Juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  Afferent arteriole 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Macula densa 
C)  Juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  Juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  Afferent arteriole

Question 13

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman capsule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman capsule

Question 14

The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A)  have long loops of Henle. 
B)  are found next to the renal capsule. 
C)  comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D)  have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E)  have short loops of Henle. 
A)  have long loops of Henle. 
B)  are found next to the renal capsule. 
C)  comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D)  have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E)  have short loops of Henle.

Question 16

Lasix is a drug that blocks the reabsorption of Na+ in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output. 
B)  decreased aldosterone production. 
C)  decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D)  increased osmolality of the urine. 
E)  decreased urine volume. 
A)  increased urine output. 
B)  decreased aldosterone production. 
C)  decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D)  increased osmolality of the urine. 
E)  decreased urine volume.

Question 17

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  compression of the ureteral openings 
B)  the external urethral sphincter 
C)  the internal urethral sphincter 
D)  the ureteral sphincters 
E)  ureteral valves 
A)  compression of the ureteral openings 
B)  the external urethral sphincter 
C)  the internal urethral sphincter 
D)  the ureteral sphincters 
E)  ureteral valves

Question 18

The kidneys produce renin when

Accepted Answer

A)  the urine becomes acidic. 
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate. 
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases. 
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases. 
A)  the urine becomes acidic. 
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate. 
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases. 
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.

Question 19

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal fascia 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  renal pyramid 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal fascia 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  renal pyramid

Question 20

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporating aquaporin-3 channels into the apical membrane. 
B)  increasing the number of Na+ − transport proteins in the membranes. 
C)  incorporating aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane. 
D)  decreasing the number of aquaporin-4 channels in the apical membrane. 
A)  incorporating aquaporin-3 channels into the apical membrane. 
B)  increasing the number of Na+ − transport proteins in the membranes. 
C)  incorporating aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane. 
D)  decreasing the number of aquaporin-4 channels in the apical membrane.

Exam 26: Urinary System

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of ________.

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) Decreased sympathetic stimulation (2) Increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3) Increase in arterial blood pressure (4) Increase in urine production (5) Afferent arterioles dilate

Voluntary micturition

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the ________.

The micturition reflex is initiated by the

Which type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as ________.

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the ________.

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased ________ production.

Choose the term that does not belong with the others.

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the ________.

The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Lasix is a drug that blocks the reabsorption of Na+ in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________.

The kidneys produce renin when

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the ________.

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

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Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as ________.

Lasix is a drug that blocks the reabsorption of Na⁺ in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be