Question 1

Diuretics that inhibit Na+ reabsorption are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines 
B)  osmotic diuretics 
C)  thiazide diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  ADH inhibitors 
A)  xanthines 
B)  osmotic diuretics 
C)  thiazide diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  ADH inhibitors

Question 2

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  40% 
B)  56% 
C)  64% 
D)  72% 
E)  80% 
A)  40% 
B)  56% 
C)  64% 
D)  72% 
E)  80%

Question 3

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  constriction of afferent arterioles 
B)  sympathetic stimulation 
C)  aldosterone secretion 
D)  ADH secretion 
E)  None of the choices are correct 
A)  constriction of afferent arterioles 
B)  sympathetic stimulation 
C)  aldosterone secretion 
D)  ADH secretion 
E)  None of the choices are correct

Question 4

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of all the solute 
B)  a renal clearance of zero 
C)  a net filtration pressure of 1.0 
D)  appearance of that solute in the urine 
E)  absence of that solute from the urine 
A)  reabsorption of all the solute 
B)  a renal clearance of zero 
C)  a net filtration pressure of 1.0 
D)  appearance of that solute in the urine 
E)  absence of that solute from the urine

Question 5

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ 
B)  water content 
C)  glucose content 
D)  bicarbonate content 
E)  H+ 
A)  K+ 
B)  water content 
C)  glucose content 
D)  bicarbonate content 
E)  H+

Question 6

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)  both Na+ and H+ are transported into the tubular lumen. 
B)  both Na+ and H+ are transported into the tubular cell. 
C)  Na+ are transported into the cell; H+ are transported out of the cell. 
D)  Na+ are transported into the tubular lumen; H+ are transported into the cell. 
E)  Na+ are transported out of the cell; H+ are transported into the cell. 
A)  both Na+ and H+ are transported into the tubular lumen. 
B)  both Na+ and H+ are transported into the tubular cell. 
C)  Na+ are transported into the cell; H+ are transported out of the cell. 
D)  Na+ are transported into the tubular lumen; H+ are transported into the cell. 
E)  Na+ are transported out of the cell; H+ are transported into the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Bowman capsule 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Bowman capsule 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra 
B)  ureter 
C)  calyces 
D)  renal columns 
E)  renal tubules 
A)  urethra 
B)  ureter 
C)  calyces 
D)  renal columns 
E)  renal tubules

Question 9

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  secretion 
D)  elimination 
E)  excretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  secretion 
D)  elimination 
E)  excretion

Question 10

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  countercurrent 
C)  cotransport 
D)  sorting 
A)  active transport 
B)  countercurrent 
C)  cotransport 
D)  sorting

Question 11

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity 
B)  a pressure gradient 
C)  a concentration gradient 
D)  peristaltic contractions 
E)  osmotic gradient 
A)  gravity 
B)  a pressure gradient 
C)  a concentration gradient 
D)  peristaltic contractions 
E)  osmotic gradient

Question 12

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by

Accepted Answer

A)  both the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B)  both the collecting duct and Bowman capsule. 
C)  both the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  both the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E)  loop of Henle only. 
A)  both the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B)  both the collecting duct and Bowman capsule. 
C)  both the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  both the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E)  loop of Henle only.

Question 13

Arrange the following in correct order.
(1) Cotransport molecule binds to Na+ and glucose
(2) Establish Na+ concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
(3) Sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
(4) Active transport of Na+ from tubular cells to interstitial area

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 1, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  2, 1, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 14

In glomerulonephritis, proteins, and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased reabsorption of water. 
B)  increased reabsorption of Na+. 
C)  increased secretion of Na+. 
D)  increased urine output. 
E)  decreased urine output. 
A)  increased reabsorption of water. 
B)  increased reabsorption of Na+. 
C)  increased secretion of Na+. 
D)  increased urine output. 
E)  decreased urine output.

Question 15

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb glucose. 
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman capsule. 
C)  actively transport Na+ but not Cl−. 
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. 
E)  do not alter their permeability to water. 
A)  reabsorb glucose. 
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman capsule. 
C)  actively transport Na+ but not Cl−. 
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. 
E)  do not alter their permeability to water.

Question 16

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole 
B)  A drop in colloid osmotic pressure 
C)  Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
D)  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
E)  An increase in osmotic pressure in the Bowman capsule 
A)  Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole 
B)  A drop in colloid osmotic pressure 
C)  Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
D)  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
E)  An increase in osmotic pressure in the Bowman capsule

Question 17

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Podocytes 
B)  Macula densa 
C)  Glomerular endothelium 
D)  The basement membrane 
E)  Parietal layer of Bowman capsule 
A)  Podocytes 
B)  Macula densa 
C)  Glomerular endothelium 
D)  The basement membrane 
E)  Parietal layer of Bowman capsule

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction of arterioles 
B)  Increases thirst 
C)  Increases ADH secretion 
D)  Decreases peripheral resistance 
E)  Increases aldosterone secretion 
A)  Vasoconstriction of arterioles 
B)  Increases thirst 
C)  Increases ADH secretion 
D)  Decreases peripheral resistance 
E)  Increases aldosterone secretion

Question 19

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman capsule is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasa recta 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  peritubular capillary 
D)  proximal convoluted capillary 
E)  efferent arteriole 
A)  vasa recta 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  peritubular capillary 
D)  proximal convoluted capillary 
E)  efferent arteriole

Question 20

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  glomerular capillaries 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  glomerular capillaries 
E)  collecting duct

Exam 26: Urinary System

Diuretics that inhibit Na+ reabsorption are called ________.

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of ________.

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in ________.

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in ________.

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the ________.

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular ________.

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical ________ system.

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of ________.

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) Cotransport molecule binds to Na+ and glucose (2) Establish Na+ concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3) Sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4) Active transport of Na+ from tubular cells to interstitial area

In glomerulonephritis, proteins, and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman capsule is called the ________.

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the ________.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Diuretics that inhibit Na⁺ reabsorption are called ________.

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) Cotransport molecule binds to Na⁺ and glucose (2) Establish Na⁺ concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3) Sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4) Active transport of Na⁺ from tubular cells to interstitial area