Question 1

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of the glomerulus 
B)  Dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
A)  Constriction of the glomerulus 
B)  Dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyelonephritis 
B)  Acute glomerulonephritis 
C)  Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D)  Acute renal failure 
E)  Chronic renal failure 
A)  Pyelonephritis 
B)  Acute glomerulonephritis 
C)  Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D)  Acute renal failure 
E)  Chronic renal failure

Question 3

The filtration membrane consists of the

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary epithelium, podocytes, and macula densa. 
B)  podocytes, basement membrane, and macula densa. 
C)  basement membrane, capillary epithelium, and macula densa. 
D)  parietal layer and visceral layer. 
E)  podocytes, capillary endothelium, and basement membrane. 
A)  capillary epithelium, podocytes, and macula densa. 
B)  podocytes, basement membrane, and macula densa. 
C)  basement membrane, capillary epithelium, and macula densa. 
D)  parietal layer and visceral layer. 
E)  podocytes, capillary endothelium, and basement membrane.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most filtrate (99%) is eliminated as urine. 
B)  Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. 
C)  Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled. 
D)  Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis. 
A)  Most filtrate (99%) is eliminated as urine. 
B)  Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. 
C)  Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled. 
D)  Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis.

Question 5

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased bladder capacity. 
B)  voluntary micturition. 
C)  continuous dribbling of urine. 
D)  uncontrollable micturition. 
E)  lack of control of internal sphincter. 
A)  increased bladder capacity. 
B)  voluntary micturition. 
C)  continuous dribbling of urine. 
D)  uncontrollable micturition. 
E)  lack of control of internal sphincter.

Question 6

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 
D)  Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
A)  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 
D)  Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Question 7

Increased aldosterone causes increased ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  urine volume 
B)  Na+ secretion 
C)  K+ secretion 
D)  reabsorption of H+ 
E)  filtrate formation 
A)  urine volume 
B)  Na+ secretion 
C)  K+ secretion 
D)  reabsorption of H+ 
E)  filtrate formation

Question 8

What are the arteries which diverge from the interlobar arteries near the base of the renal pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcuate 
B)  Peritubular 
C)  Segmental 
D)  Renal 
E)  Interlobular 
A)  Arcuate 
B)  Peritubular 
C)  Segmental 
D)  Renal 
E)  Interlobular

Question 9

Choose the one that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman capsule 
A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman capsule

Question 10

The renal corpuscle connects to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  renal convoluted tubule 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  renal convoluted tubule 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule

Question 11

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  glucose 
C)  inulin 
D)  protein 
E)  ammonia 
A)  ADH 
B)  glucose 
C)  inulin 
D)  protein 
E)  ammonia

Question 12

A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of mid-back pain. X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyuria 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Albuminuria 
D)  Uremia 
E)  Phenylketonuria 
A)  Pyuria 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Albuminuria 
D)  Uremia 
E)  Phenylketonuria

Question 13

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

Accepted Answer

A)  urea with water. 
B)  K+ with amino acids. 
C)  amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D)  glucose molecules with Na+. 
E)  Cl− with K+. 
A)  urea with water. 
B)  K+ with amino acids. 
C)  amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D)  glucose molecules with Na+. 
E)  Cl− with K+.

Question 14

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction 
B)  filtration fraction 
C)  glomerular filtration rate 
D)  clearance fraction 
E)  renal rate 
A)  renal fraction 
B)  filtration fraction 
C)  glomerular filtration rate 
D)  clearance fraction 
E)  renal rate

Question 15

Filtration slits is the name given to the

Accepted Answer

A)  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B)  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman capsule. 
D)  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E)  active transport channels. 
A)  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B)  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman capsule. 
D)  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E)  active transport channels.

Question 16

Renal papillae drain into ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  minor calyces 
B)  major calyces 
C)  the renal pelvis 
D)  renal columns 
E)  the ureter 
A)  minor calyces 
B)  major calyces 
C)  the renal pelvis 
D)  renal columns 
E)  the ureter

Question 17

The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the ________ mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  countercurrent 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  reabsorption 
E)  concentration 
A)  countercurrent 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  reabsorption 
E)  concentration

Question 18

All of the following are located in the renal cortex, except

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting ducts. 
B)  renal corpuscles. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
D)  distal convoluted tubules. 
E)  afferent arteriole. 
A)  collecting ducts. 
B)  renal corpuscles. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
D)  distal convoluted tubules. 
E)  afferent arteriole.

Question 19

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the

Accepted Answer

A)  tip of the loop of Henle. 
B)  end of the collecting duct. 
C)  end of the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  tip of the loop of Henle. 
B)  end of the collecting duct. 
C)  end of the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 20

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  trigone 
B)  lamina propria 
C)  external urinary sphincter 
D)  internal urinary sphincter 
E)  involuntary portion of bladder control 
A)  trigone 
B)  lamina propria 
C)  external urinary sphincter 
D)  internal urinary sphincter 
E)  involuntary portion of bladder control

Exam 26: Urinary System

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

The filtration membrane consists of the

Which of the following statements is true?

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

Increased aldosterone causes increased ________.

What are the arteries which diverge from the interlobar arteries near the base of the renal pyramid?

Choose the one that does not belong.

The renal corpuscle connects to the ________.

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is ________.

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the ________.

Filtration slits is the name given to the

Renal papillae drain into ________.

The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the ________ mechanism.

All of the following are located in the renal cortex, except

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the ________.

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