Question 1

The movement of fluid into Bowman capsule is opposed by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration pressure 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure 
C)  glomerular capillary pressure 
D)  osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney 
E)  blood pressure 
A)  filtration pressure 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure 
C)  glomerular capillary pressure 
D)  osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney 
E)  blood pressure

Question 2

The pores of the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fenestrae 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  filtration slits 
D)  macula densa 
E)  membrane channels 
A)  fenestrae 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  filtration slits 
D)  macula densa 
E)  membrane channels

Question 3

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin and glucose 
B)  Inulin and creatinine 
C)  Sodium and water 
D)  Albumin and inulin 
E)  Insulin and urea 
A)  Insulin and glucose 
B)  Inulin and creatinine 
C)  Sodium and water 
D)  Albumin and inulin 
E)  Insulin and urea

Question 4

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Accepted Answer

A)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. 
B)  may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C)  is called urine. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. 
B)  may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C)  is called urine. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased renin secretion. 
B)  decreased ADH secretion. 
C)  suppression of thirst. 
D)  stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
E)  decreased renin secretion. 
A)  increased renin secretion. 
B)  decreased ADH secretion. 
C)  suppression of thirst. 
D)  stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
E)  decreased renin secretion.

Question 6

Aldosterone targets cells in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  glomerulus 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  glomerulus 
E)  collecting duct

Question 7

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A)  water can easily enter or leave. 
B)  K+ and Cl− are cotransported with Na+ across the apical membrane. 
C)  Ca2+ are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D)  K+ is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E)  the filtrate does not change. 
A)  water can easily enter or leave. 
B)  K+ and Cl− are cotransported with Na+ across the apical membrane. 
C)  Ca2+ are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D)  K+ is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E)  the filtrate does not change.

Question 8

Which type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transitional epithelium 
B)  Stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
D)  Stratified columnar epithelium 
A)  Transitional epithelium 
B)  Stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
D)  Stratified columnar epithelium

Question 9

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrons 
B)  renal papillae 
C)  renal pyramids 
D)  renal columns 
E)  renal tubes 
A)  nephrons 
B)  renal papillae 
C)  renal pyramids 
D)  renal columns 
E)  renal tubes

Question 10

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Accepted Answer

A)  the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman capsule. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  the loop of Henle only. 
E)  both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta. 
A)  the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman capsule. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  the loop of Henle only. 
E)  both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.

Question 11

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  ascending loop of Henle 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  descending loop of Henle 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  ascending loop of Henle 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  descending loop of Henle

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning solute movement in the loop of Henle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only Na+ diffuses from the descending limb. 
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb. 
C)  Na+ and Cl− ions are actively transported into the vasa recta. 
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through. 
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop. 
A)  Only Na+ diffuses from the descending limb. 
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb. 
C)  Na+ and Cl− ions are actively transported into the vasa recta. 
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through. 
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop.

Question 13

The tip of each renal pyramid is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron 
B)  renal papilla 
C)  renal column 
D)  medullary ray 
A)  nephron 
B)  renal papilla 
C)  renal column 
D)  medullary ray

Question 14

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Sodium chloride 
C)  Hydrogen ions 
D)  Urea 
E)  Water 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Sodium chloride 
C)  Hydrogen ions 
D)  Urea 
E)  Water

Question 15

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B)  tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C)  tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D)  tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E)  tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate. 
A)  tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B)  tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C)  tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D)  tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E)  tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate.

Question 16

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A)  will be actively secreted into the filtrate. 
B)  will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells. 
C)  will appear in the urine. 
D)  will not appear in the urine. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  will be actively secreted into the filtrate. 
B)  will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells. 
C)  will appear in the urine. 
D)  will not appear in the urine. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  is a potent vasodilator. 
B)  stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C)  is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D)  acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E)  decreases blood pressure. 
A)  is a potent vasodilator. 
B)  stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C)  is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D)  acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E)  decreases blood pressure.

Question 18

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL 
B)  300 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL 
A)  100 mL 
B)  300 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL

Question 19

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Arcuate artery 
C)  Efferent arteriole 
D)  Interlobular artery 
E)  Afferent arteriole 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Arcuate artery 
C)  Efferent arteriole 
D)  Interlobular artery 
E)  Afferent arteriole

Question 20

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ________ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  protein 
D)  sodium ions 
E)  glucose 
A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  protein 
D)  sodium ions 
E)  glucose

Exam 26: Urinary System

The movement of fluid into Bowman capsule is opposed by ________.

The pores of the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called ________.

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Aldosterone targets cells in the ________.

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Which type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called ________.

A countercurrent mechanism is in

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the ________.

Which of the following statements concerning solute movement in the loop of Henle is true?

The tip of each renal pyramid is called a ________.

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Angiotensin II

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ________ than the glomerular filtrate.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters