Question 1

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)  GFR increases 
B)  GFR decreases 
C)  GFR is not affected 
D)  GFR increases, then decreases 
A)  GFR increases 
B)  GFR decreases 
C)  GFR is not affected 
D)  GFR increases, then decreases

Question 2

The kidneys are located behind the ________ membrane on the posterior side of the ________ wall.

Accepted Answer

A)  peritoneal; abdominal 
B)  peritoneal; pelvic 
C)  renal; abdominal 
D)  renal; pelvic 
E)  pleural; pelvic 
A)  peritoneal; abdominal 
B)  peritoneal; pelvic 
C)  renal; abdominal 
D)  renal; pelvic 
E)  pleural; pelvic

Question 3

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in urine volume. 
B)  an increase in urine volume. 
C)  no change in urine volume. 
A)  a decrease in urine volume. 
B)  an increase in urine volume. 
C)  no change in urine volume.

Question 4

Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mm Hg out 
B)  20 mm Hg out 
C)  30 mm Hg out 
D)  40 mm Hg out 
E)  50 mm Hg out 
A)  10 mm Hg out 
B)  20 mm Hg out 
C)  30 mm Hg out 
D)  40 mm Hg out 
E)  50 mm Hg out

Question 5

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  calyx tissue 
B)  renal papillae 
C)  renal columns 
D)  medullary rays 
E)  renal corpuscles 
A)  calyx tissue 
B)  renal papillae 
C)  renal columns 
D)  medullary rays 
E)  renal corpuscles

Question 6

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. 
B)  causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. 
C)  decreases renal flow. 
D)  increases filtration rate. 
E)  does not alter filtration rate. 
A)  is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. 
B)  causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. 
C)  decreases renal flow. 
D)  increases filtration rate. 
E)  does not alter filtration rate.

Question 7

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  End of proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Tip of the loop of Henle 
C)  End of distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Beginning of distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Descending loop of Henle 
A)  End of proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Tip of the loop of Henle 
C)  End of distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Beginning of distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Descending loop of Henle

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum. 
A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum.

Question 9

When Na+ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Accepted Answer

A)  no energy is needed. 
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E)  water is secreted. 
A)  no energy is needed. 
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E)  water is secreted.

Question 10

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K+ and Cl− cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  cotransport 
C)  counter transport 
D)  active transport 
E)  simple diffusion 
A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  cotransport 
C)  counter transport 
D)  active transport 
E)  simple diffusion

Question 11

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and bicarbonate 
B)  potassium and phosphate 
C)  sodium and chloride 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
E)  potassium and chloride 
A)  sodium and bicarbonate 
B)  potassium and phosphate 
C)  sodium and chloride 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
E)  potassium and chloride

Question 12

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A)  quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B)  concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C)  concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B)  concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C)  concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them.
(1) Loop of Henle
(2) Bowman capsule
(3) Distal convoluted tubule
(4) Proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2

Question 14

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  descending loop of Henle 
C)  ascending loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  descending loop of Henle 
C)  ascending loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 15

The kidney functions in

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing blood loss. 
B)  white blood cell production. 
C)  synthesis of vitamin E. 
D)  excretion of metabolic wastes. 
E)  production of the hormone aldosterone. 
A)  preventing blood loss. 
B)  white blood cell production. 
C)  synthesis of vitamin E. 
D)  excretion of metabolic wastes. 
E)  production of the hormone aldosterone.

Question 16

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C)  completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D)  actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C)  completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D)  actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases, allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in filtration volume 
B)  Anuria - no urine production 
C)  Necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D)  Low protein levels in the filtrate 
E)  No change in the filtrate 
A)  Increase in filtration volume 
B)  Anuria - no urine production 
C)  Necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D)  Low protein levels in the filtrate 
E)  No change in the filtrate

Question 18

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  Na+ 
D)  K+ 
E)  Cl− 
A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  Na+ 
D)  K+ 
E)  Cl−

Question 19

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, ________ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  95% 
E)  100% 
A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  95% 
E)  100%

Question 20

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Renal pelvis 
D)  Distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Renal pelvis 
D)  Distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Collecting duct

Exam 26: Urinary System

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

The kidneys are located behind the ________ membrane on the posterior side of the ________ wall.

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the ________.

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

When Na+ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K+ and Cl− cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of ________.

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) Loop of Henle (2) Bowman capsule (3) Distal convoluted tubule (4) Proximal convoluted tubule

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the ________.

The kidney functions in

Urea is

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases, allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of ________.

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, ________ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

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Filters

The kidneys are located behind the membrane on the posterior side of the wall.

When Na⁺ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K⁺ and Cl⁻ cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of ________.