Question 1

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased secretion 
B)  Decreased secretion 
C)  No change in secretion 
A)  Increased secretion 
B)  Decreased secretion 
C)  No change in secretion

Question 2

The visceral layer of Bowman capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  is part of the filtration membrane. 
B)  is called endothelium. 
C)  contains podocytes. 
D)  Both "is part of the filtration membrane" and "is called endothelium" are correct. 
E)  Both "is part of the filtration membrane" and "contains podocytes" are correct. 
A)  is part of the filtration membrane. 
B)  is called endothelium. 
C)  contains podocytes. 
D)  Both "is part of the filtration membrane" and "is called endothelium" are correct. 
E)  Both "is part of the filtration membrane" and "contains podocytes" are correct.

Question 3

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ________ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  PAH 
C)  insulin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  glucose 
A)  ADH 
B)  PAH 
C)  insulin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  glucose

Question 4

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the hilum 
B)  renal fascia 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  renal cortex 
A)  the hilum 
B)  renal fascia 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  renal cortex

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Renal corpuscle 
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Distal convoluted tubule 
A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Renal corpuscle 
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

Urine formation involves

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration of the plasma. 
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate. 
C)  secretion into the filtrate. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  filtration of the plasma. 
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate. 
C)  secretion into the filtrate. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

The countercurrent multiplier system

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in the collecting duct. 
B)  is assisted by hormones. 
C)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D)  maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E)  Both "has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions" and "maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid" is correct. 
A)  is found in the collecting duct. 
B)  is assisted by hormones. 
C)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D)  maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E)  Both "has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions" and "maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid" is correct.

Question 8

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing net filtration pressure. 
B)  increasing capsular pressure. 
C)  increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  increasing net filtration pressure. 
B)  increasing capsular pressure. 
C)  increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Accepted Answer

A)  filtrate volume increases. 
B)  filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C)  K+ is secreted from the cells. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E)  the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water. 
A)  filtrate volume increases. 
B)  filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C)  K+ is secreted from the cells. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E)  the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.

Question 10

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a double set of venules. 
B)  blood flows from arterioles into venules. 
C)  blood flows from venules into arterioles. 
D)  each nephron has at least two capillary networks. 
E)  the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus. 
A)  there is a double set of venules. 
B)  blood flows from arterioles into venules. 
C)  blood flows from venules into arterioles. 
D)  each nephron has at least two capillary networks. 
E)  the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus.

Question 11

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertension 
B)  renal failure 
C)  decreased ADH secretion 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  normal fluid balance 
A)  hypertension 
B)  renal failure 
C)  decreased ADH secretion 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  normal fluid balance

Question 12

What is/are the main excretory organ(s) of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skin 
B)  Lungs 
C)  Intestines 
D)  Kidneys 
A)  Skin 
B)  Lungs 
C)  Intestines 
D)  Kidneys

Question 13

Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  increased blood pressure. 
D)  increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  decreased urine output. 
A)  increased thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  increased blood pressure. 
D)  increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  decreased urine output.

Question 14

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ 
B)  Cl− 
C)  Bicarbonate ions 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Na+ 
A)  K+ 
B)  Cl− 
C)  Bicarbonate ions 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Na+

Question 15

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B)  a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  rapid removal of filtrate. 
E)  a low medullary concentration gradient. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B)  a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  rapid removal of filtrate. 
E)  a low medullary concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal convoluted tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  Vasa recta 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  Distal convoluted tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  Vasa recta 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when

Accepted Answer

A)  colloid osmotic pressure increases. 
B)  ADH production increases. 
C)  plasma osmolality decreases. 
D)  aldosterone production decreases. 
E)  ADH production decreases. 
A)  colloid osmotic pressure increases. 
B)  ADH production increases. 
C)  plasma osmolality decreases. 
D)  aldosterone production decreases. 
E)  ADH production decreases.

Question 18

The renal corpuscle consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E)  afferent and efferent arteriole. 
A)  the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E)  afferent and efferent arteriole.

Question 19

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  renal artery 
C)  macula densa 
D)  efferent arteriole 
E)  arcuate artery 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  renal artery 
C)  macula densa 
D)  efferent arteriole 
E)  arcuate artery

Question 20

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

Accepted Answer

A)  more of the substance is reabsorbed. 
B)  more of the substance is actively secreted. 
C)  less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle. 
D)  the excess goes into the blood. 
E)  the excess remains in the urine. 
A)  more of the substance is reabsorbed. 
B)  more of the substance is actively secreted. 
C)  less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle. 
D)  the excess goes into the blood. 
E)  the excess remains in the urine.

Exam 26: Urinary System

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

The visceral layer of Bowman capsule

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ________ as well as the person's hematocrit.

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by ________.

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

Urine formation involves

The countercurrent multiplier system

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate ________.

What is/are the main excretory organ(s) of the body?

Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone results in

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?

The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when

The renal corpuscle consists of

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the ________.

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

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