Question 1

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  renin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone 
E)  angiotensin 
A)  ADH 
B)  renin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone 
E)  angiotensin

Question 2

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made of smooth muscle. 
B)  It is part of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  It is made of skeletal muscle. 
D)  It is made of adventitia. 
A)  It is made of smooth muscle. 
B)  It is part of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  It is made of skeletal muscle. 
D)  It is made of adventitia.

Question 3

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the ________ by the process of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 4

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)  stores urine until it is voided. 
B)  empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C)  contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D)  is superior to the kidney. 
E)  filters urine. 
A)  stores urine until it is voided. 
B)  empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C)  contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D)  is superior to the kidney. 
E)  filters urine.

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the secretion of ADH. 
B)  is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
C)  causes the formation of concentrated urine. 
D)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases. 
E)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure decreases. 
A)  promotes the secretion of ADH. 
B)  is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
C)  causes the formation of concentrated urine. 
D)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases. 
E)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure decreases.

Question 6

Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  descending loop of Henle 
C)  ascending loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule only 
E)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  descending loop of Henle 
C)  ascending loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule only 
E)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

Question 7

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  renin 
B)  ADH 
C)  oxytocin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  angiotensin 
A)  renin 
B)  ADH 
C)  oxytocin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  angiotensin

Question 8

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased blood velocity 
B)  Decreased renin production 
C)  Increased plasma osmolality 
D)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  Decreased plasma osmolality 
A)  Increased blood velocity 
B)  Decreased renin production 
C)  Increased plasma osmolality 
D)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  Decreased plasma osmolality

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease in kidney size 
B)  Loss of nephrons 
C)  Decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D)  A marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis 
A)  Decrease in kidney size 
B)  Loss of nephrons 
C)  Decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D)  A marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 11

As ADH production declines,

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration increases. 
B)  K+ reabsorption increases. 
C)  reabsorption of water increases. 
D)  the urine volume increases. 
E)  the blood volume increases. 
A)  glomerular filtration increases. 
B)  K+ reabsorption increases. 
C)  reabsorption of water increases. 
D)  the urine volume increases. 
E)  the blood volume increases.

Question 12

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B)  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D)  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E)  glomerulus and Bowman capsule. 
A)  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B)  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D)  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E)  glomerulus and Bowman capsule.

Question 13

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
D)  calyces 
E)  urethra 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
D)  calyces 
E)  urethra

Question 14

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  surrounds the collecting duct. 
A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  surrounds the collecting duct.

Question 15

Formation of filtrate depends on a ________ gradient.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure 
B)  concentration 
C)  volume 
D)  temperature 
E)  osmotic 
A)  pressure 
B)  concentration 
C)  volume 
D)  temperature 
E)  osmotic

Question 16

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine storage 
B)  Excretion of waste 
C)  Maintenance of fluid balance 
D)  Regulate synthesis of vitamin D 
E)  Regulate synthesis of RBCs 
A)  Urine storage 
B)  Excretion of waste 
C)  Maintenance of fluid balance 
D)  Regulate synthesis of vitamin D 
E)  Regulate synthesis of RBCs

Question 17

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glomerulus 
B)  The loop of Henle 
C)  The distal convoluted tubule 
D)  The proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  The glomerulus 
B)  The loop of Henle 
C)  The distal convoluted tubule 
D)  The proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 18

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production, except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  micturition 
B)  filtration 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  tubular reabsorption 
A)  micturition 
B)  filtration 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  tubular reabsorption

Question 19

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B)  angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin II. 
A)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B)  angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.

Question 20

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  pelvis 
D)  calyx 
E)  columns 
A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  pelvis 
D)  calyx 
E)  columns

Exam 26: Urinary System

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of ________.

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the ________ by the process of active transport.

The urinary bladder

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the ________.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes ________.

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

As ADH production declines,

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the ________.

The vasa recta

Formation of filtrate depends on a ________ gradient.

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production, except ________.

Renin converts

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the ________.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

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Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

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Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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