Question 1

Proteins in cells can act as important buffer systems. If intracellular pH rises, certain ________ of proteins can ________ H+ to return pH to normal conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids; donate 
B)  nucleotides; donate 
C)  amino acids; accept 
D)  nucleotides; accept 
A)  amino acids; donate 
B)  nucleotides; donate 
C)  amino acids; accept 
D)  nucleotides; accept

Question 2

Which function of proteins is NOT correctly matched with the example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport - hemoglobin 
B)  Structure - collagen and keratin 
C)  Regulation - enzymes and hormones 
D)  Protection - packing around organs and glands 
E)  Contraction - actin and myosin in muscles 
A)  Transport - hemoglobin 
B)  Structure - collagen and keratin 
C)  Regulation - enzymes and hormones 
D)  Protection - packing around organs and glands 
E)  Contraction - actin and myosin in muscles

Question 3

If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

Accepted Answer

A)  energy has been stored in the molecular bonds of the product. 
B)  energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds. 
C)  the reaction will be reversible without additional energy input. 
D)  a synthesis reaction is likely to have occurred. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  energy has been stored in the molecular bonds of the product. 
B)  energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds. 
C)  the reaction will be reversible without additional energy input. 
D)  a synthesis reaction is likely to have occurred. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  protons 
B)  electrons 
C)  neutrons 
D)  neutrinos 
E)  photons 
A)  protons 
B)  electrons 
C)  neutrons 
D)  neutrinos 
E)  photons

Question 5

Which of the following is an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 
B)  Salt (NaCl) 
C)  Sucrose (C12H22O11) 
D)  Water (H2O) 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 
B)  Salt (NaCl) 
C)  Sucrose (C12H22O11) 
D)  Water (H2O) 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, ________ are transferred between molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons 
B)  charges 
C)  neutrons 
D)  protons 
A)  electrons 
B)  charges 
C)  neutrons 
D)  protons

Question 7

Kinetic energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
D)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
E)  energy that moves in waves. 
A)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
D)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
E)  energy that moves in waves.

Question 8

To which of the following organic groups does DNA belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrate 
B)  Protein 
C)  Lipid 
D)  Nucleic acid 
E)  Vitamin 
A)  Carbohydrate 
B)  Protein 
C)  Lipid 
D)  Nucleic acid 
E)  Vitamin

Question 9

A group of water molecules are held together by ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  savings 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  ionic 
D)  nonpolar covalent 
E)  polar covalent 
A)  savings 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  ionic 
D)  nonpolar covalent 
E)  polar covalent

Question 10

The four most abundant elements in the human body are

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron. 
B)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
C)  calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium. 
D)  carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc. 
E)  carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium. 
A)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron. 
B)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
C)  calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium. 
D)  carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc. 
E)  carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium.

Question 11

An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons. 
B)  Chlorine has a mass number of 35. 
C)  Chlorine has an atomic number of 18. 
D)  Chlorine has 35 electrons. 
E)  Chlorine has an atomic number of 35. 
A)  Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons. 
B)  Chlorine has a mass number of 35. 
C)  Chlorine has an atomic number of 18. 
D)  Chlorine has 35 electrons. 
E)  Chlorine has an atomic number of 35.

Question 12

Phospholipids

Accepted Answer

A)  contain subunits called amino acids. 
B)  are water-soluble. 
C)  are a type of steroid. 
D)  are fat-soluble vitamins. 
E)  are found in plasma membranes. 
A)  contain subunits called amino acids. 
B)  are water-soluble. 
C)  are a type of steroid. 
D)  are fat-soluble vitamins. 
E)  are found in plasma membranes.

Question 13

Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a/an ________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  nonpolar covalent 
C)  polar covalent 
D)  ionic 
E)  Van der Waals 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  nonpolar covalent 
C)  polar covalent 
D)  ionic 
E)  Van der Waals

Question 14

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A)  nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current. 
B)  molecules. 
C)  electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current. 
D)  nonelectrolytes and solutes. 
E)  molecules and electrolytes. 
A)  nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current. 
B)  molecules. 
C)  electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current. 
D)  nonelectrolytes and solutes. 
E)  molecules and electrolytes.

Question 15

Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  producing surface tension in water. 
B)  helping hold a protein structure together. 
C)  helping hold DNA strands together. 
D)  helping atoms give up or receive electrons. 
A)  producing surface tension in water. 
B)  helping hold a protein structure together. 
C)  helping hold DNA strands together. 
D)  helping atoms give up or receive electrons.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect that holding your breath has on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Holding your breath increases blood pH by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
B)  Holding your breath decreases blood pH by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
C)  Holding your breath increases blood pH by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  Holding your breath decreases blood pH by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
A)  Holding your breath increases blood pH by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
B)  Holding your breath decreases blood pH by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
C)  Holding your breath increases blood pH by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  Holding your breath decreases blood pH by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios appropriately represents kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  A student marking an answer on a exam paper 
B)  A swinging door propped open 
C)  A large truck parked at the top of a steep hill 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  A student marking an answer on a exam paper 
B)  A swinging door propped open 
C)  A large truck parked at the top of a steep hill 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

The conversion between different states of energy (e.g. potential energy to kinetic energy)

Accepted Answer

A)  is not 100% efficient. 
B)  is 100% efficient. 
C)  typically generates heat. 
D)  is not possible; energy cannot change its state. 
E)  is not 100% efficient and typically generates heat. 
A)  is not 100% efficient. 
B)  is 100% efficient. 
C)  typically generates heat. 
D)  is not possible; energy cannot change its state. 
E)  is not 100% efficient and typically generates heat.

Question 19

A buffer will

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance changes in the pH of the solutions. 
B)  resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions. 
C)  have no effect on the pH of the solutions. 
D)  make a solution more acidic. 
E)  make a solution more basic. 
A)  enhance changes in the pH of the solutions. 
B)  resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions. 
C)  have no effect on the pH of the solutions. 
D)  make a solution more acidic. 
E)  make a solution more basic.

Question 20

X-rays can be used to view bones because

Accepted Answer

A)  x-rays pass through bone. 
B)  x-rays react with bone. 
C)  x-rays cannot pass through bone. 
D)  bones are less dense than soft tissue. 
A)  x-rays pass through bone. 
B)  x-rays react with bone. 
C)  x-rays cannot pass through bone. 
D)  bones are less dense than soft tissue.

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Proteins in cells can act as important buffer systems. If intracellular pH rises, certain ________ of proteins can ________ H+ to return pH to normal conditions.

Which function of proteins is NOT correctly matched with the example?

If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are ________.

Which of the following is an organic compound?

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, ________ are transferred between molecules.

Kinetic energy is

To which of the following organic groups does DNA belong?

A group of water molecules are held together by ________ bonds.

The four most abundant elements in the human body are

An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true?

Phospholipids

Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a/an ________ bond.

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except

Which of the following best describes the effect that holding your breath has on blood pH?

Which of the following scenarios appropriately represents kinetic energy?

The conversion between different states of energy (e.g. potential energy to kinetic energy)

A buffer will

X-rays can be used to view bones because

The Human Organism

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Proteins in cells can act as important buffer systems. If intracellular pH rises, certain of proteins can H⁺ to return pH to normal conditions.