Question 1

Which of the following is determined by the sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acid 
B)  Peptide bond 
C)  Primary structure of protein 
D)  Secondary structure of protein 
E)  Denaturation 
A)  Amino acid 
B)  Peptide bond 
C)  Primary structure of protein 
D)  Secondary structure of protein 
E)  Denaturation

Question 2

Carbon dioxide is considered a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  molecule 
B)  compound 
C)  Both molecule and compound are correct. 
D)  element 
E)  ion 
A)  molecule 
B)  compound 
C)  Both molecule and compound are correct. 
D)  element 
E)  ion

Question 3

The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic and endergonic 
B)  catabolic and exergonic 
C)  anabolic and exergonic 
D)  catabolic and endergonic 
E)  anabolic and exothermic 
A)  anabolic and endergonic 
B)  catabolic and exergonic 
C)  anabolic and exergonic 
D)  catabolic and endergonic 
E)  anabolic and exothermic

Question 4

An organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; the molecule is probably

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  an amino acid. 
C)  a triglyceride (fat). 
D)  a monosaccharide. 
E)  a phospholipid. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  an amino acid. 
C)  a triglyceride (fat). 
D)  a monosaccharide. 
E)  a phospholipid.

Question 5

Which of the following is a source of nitrogen for the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates 
B)  Water 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Lipids 
A)  Carbohydrates 
B)  Water 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Lipids

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of an important inorganic substance necessary for normal human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iodide ions are important components of certain hormones in the body. 
B)  The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA form from covalent bonds between nucleotides. 
C)  Calcium ions are important components of cellular communication. 
D)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, the process that generates much of the ATP in cells. 
A)  Iodide ions are important components of certain hormones in the body. 
B)  The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA form from covalent bonds between nucleotides. 
C)  Calcium ions are important components of cellular communication. 
D)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, the process that generates much of the ATP in cells.

Question 7

Which protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quaternary structure 
B)  Tertiary structure 
C)  Secondary structure 
D)  Primary structure 
E)  Peptide structure 
A)  Quaternary structure 
B)  Tertiary structure 
C)  Secondary structure 
D)  Primary structure 
E)  Peptide structure

Question 8

In the following reaction, what is/are the product(s)? CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3

Accepted Answer

A)  H2CO3 
B)  CO2 and H2O 
C)  CO2 and H2CO3 
D)  H2O and H2CO3 
A)  H2CO3 
B)  CO2 and H2O 
C)  CO2 and H2CO3 
D)  H2O and H2CO3

Question 9

Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the synthesis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy 
B)  ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O 
C)  ADP + ADP + ADP →ATP + energy 
D)  ATP + energy → ADP + H2O 
E)  ATP + ADP → ATP 
A)  ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy 
B)  ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O 
C)  ADP + ADP + ADP →ATP + energy 
D)  ATP + energy → ADP + H2O 
E)  ATP + ADP → ATP

Question 10

Which of the following lists the components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphate, lipid, nitrogenous base 
B)  Monosaccharide, nitrogenous base, sucrose 
C)  Phosphate, monosaccharide, nitrogenous base 
D)  Phosphate, sucrose, amino acid 
E)  Monosaccharide, amino acid, phosphate 
A)  Phosphate, lipid, nitrogenous base 
B)  Monosaccharide, nitrogenous base, sucrose 
C)  Phosphate, monosaccharide, nitrogenous base 
D)  Phosphate, sucrose, amino acid 
E)  Monosaccharide, amino acid, phosphate

Question 11

If you were able to sort nucleotides into DNA nucleotides and RNA nucleotides, which component of the nucleotide would you use to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pentose sugar 
B)  Phosphate group 
C)  Nitrogenous bases 
A)  Pentose sugar 
B)  Phosphate group 
C)  Nitrogenous bases

Question 12

The model that helps explain how an enzyme works is the ________ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  activation 
B)  lock-and-key 
C)  three-dimensional 
D)  denaturation 
A)  activation 
B)  lock-and-key 
C)  three-dimensional 
D)  denaturation

Question 13

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of atom is found at "C"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen bond 
B)  Water molecule 
C)  Oxygen atom 
D)  Hydrogen atom 
E)  Polar covalent bond 
A)  Hydrogen bond 
B)  Water molecule 
C)  Oxygen atom 
D)  Hydrogen atom 
E)  Polar covalent bond

Question 14

The presence of water in our bodies allows us to

Accepted Answer

A)  cool the body with sweat. 
B)  maintain a fairly constant body temperature. 
C)  provide an environment for chemical reactions. 
D)  keep tissues moist and reduce friction. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  cool the body with sweat. 
B)  maintain a fairly constant body temperature. 
C)  provide an environment for chemical reactions. 
D)  keep tissues moist and reduce friction. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is

Accepted Answer

A)  critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. 
B)  not critical because extreme pH values do not affect enzyme function. 
C)  called denaturation. 
D)  not required. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. 
B)  not critical because extreme pH values do not affect enzyme function. 
C)  called denaturation. 
D)  not required. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Estrogen 
B)  Bile salts 
C)  Testosterone 
D)  Prostaglandins 
E)  Progesterone 
A)  Estrogen 
B)  Bile salts 
C)  Testosterone 
D)  Prostaglandins 
E)  Progesterone

Question 17

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  Nonpolar (hydrophobic) region 
A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  Nonpolar (hydrophobic) region

Question 18

If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product,

Accepted Answer

A)  energy must be supplied for the reaction to occur. 
B)  energy is released by the reaction. 
C)  the chemical reaction equalizes the potential energy levels. 
D)  energy has not been gained or lost. 
E)  energy is not a factor in the reaction. 
A)  energy must be supplied for the reaction to occur. 
B)  energy is released by the reaction. 
C)  the chemical reaction equalizes the potential energy levels. 
D)  energy has not been gained or lost. 
E)  energy is not a factor in the reaction.

Question 19

Intermolecular forces are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between

Accepted Answer

A)  two molecules. 
B)  two atoms. 
C)  two protons. 
A)  two molecules. 
B)  two atoms. 
C)  two protons.

Question 20

Lipids

Accepted Answer

A)  can insulate and help prevent heat loss. 
B)  yield little energy per unit of weight. 
C)  function as enzymes. 
D)  are all water soluble. 
E)  comprise the genetic material of cells. 
A)  can insulate and help prevent heat loss. 
B)  yield little energy per unit of weight. 
C)  function as enzymes. 
D)  are all water soluble. 
E)  comprise the genetic material of cells.

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Which of the following is determined by the sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds?

Carbon dioxide is considered a/an ________.

The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as ________.

An organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; the molecule is probably

Which of the following is a source of nitrogen for the body?

Which of the following is not an example of an important inorganic substance necessary for normal human physiology?

Which protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

In the following reaction, what is/are the product(s)? CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3

Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the synthesis of ATP?

Which of the following lists the components of a nucleotide?

If you were able to sort nucleotides into DNA nucleotides and RNA nucleotides, which component of the nucleotide would you use to do so?

The model that helps explain how an enzyme works is the ________ model.

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of atom is found at "C"?

The presence of water in our bodies allows us to

Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is

Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol?

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?

If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product,

Intermolecular forces are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between

Lipids

The Human Organism

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

In the following reaction, what is/are the product(s)? CO₂ + H₂O ---> H₂CO₃