Question 1

The ________ is the muscular tube through which urine leaves each mammalian kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) urethra 
B) ureter 
C) bladder 
D) collecting duct 
E) nephron 
A) urethra 
B) ureter 
C) bladder 
D) collecting duct 
E) nephron

Question 2

People who are in renal failure can eat whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Where does most secretion take place within the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) proximal tubule 
C) distal tubule 
D) loop of Henle 
E) collecting duct 
A) glomerulus 
B) proximal tubule 
C) distal tubule 
D) loop of Henle 
E) collecting duct

Question 4

Voluntary muscles control the:

Accepted Answer

A) ureter as it enters the bladder. 
B) internal urethral sphincter. 
C) external urethral sphincter. 
D) kidney. 
A) ureter as it enters the bladder. 
B) internal urethral sphincter. 
C) external urethral sphincter. 
D) kidney.

Question 5

The second step in the formation of urine in a mammal, called ________, occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reabsorption; proximal tubule 
B) filtration; glomerulus 
C) excretion; rectum 
D) secretion; distal tubule 
E) concentration; Bowman's capsule 
A) reabsorption; proximal tubule 
B) filtration; glomerulus 
C) excretion; rectum 
D) secretion; distal tubule 
E) concentration; Bowman's capsule

Question 6

Which of these structures most closely resembles a vertebrate kidney tubule?

Accepted Answer

A) protonephridia 
B) nephridia 
C) protoglomerulus 
D) flame cells 
E) nephrostomes 
A) protonephridia 
B) nephridia 
C) protoglomerulus 
D) flame cells 
E) nephrostomes

Question 7

The excretory system of an earthworm consists of two nephridia, a nephrostome, and an excretory pore. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Urea is more toxic to the human body than is ammonia. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of these organisms have an excretory system composed of flame cells?

Accepted Answer

A) flatworms 
B) earthworms 
C) mollusks 
D) birds 
E) sharks 
A) flatworms 
B) earthworms 
C) mollusks 
D) birds 
E) sharks

Question 10

Officials associated with international track and field competitions have noted an increase in the number of athletes who use a synthetic form of erythropoietin. Athletes use this drug because it:

Accepted Answer

A) decreases blood pressure so that they can be more focused and relaxed during a competition. 
B) increases urine output so that they can shed weight just prior to an important competition. 
C) increases the number of red blood cells so that they can increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
D) stimulates the release of ADH, which then goes on to cause an increase in the number of red blood cells. This helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
A) decreases blood pressure so that they can be more focused and relaxed during a competition. 
B) increases urine output so that they can shed weight just prior to an important competition. 
C) increases the number of red blood cells so that they can increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
D) stimulates the release of ADH, which then goes on to cause an increase in the number of red blood cells. This helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event.

Question 11

Which of the following constituents of kidney filtrate is reabsorbed by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) glucose 
C) amino acids 
D) urea 
E) red blood cells 
A) water 
B) glucose 
C) amino acids 
D) urea 
E) red blood cells

Question 12

It is estimated that more than 90% of Americans get a daily dose of caffeine from coffee, sodas, tea, or "energy" drinks. Excessive caffeine intake can result in difficulty sleeping, jitteriness, and anxiety. It can also cause increased urination, which can lead to dehydration. Based on your knowledge of urinary systems and on the information provided in this scenario, which of the following explains the effects of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A) Caffeine stimulates the release of the hormone ADH. 
B) Caffeine stimulates the release of the hormone angiotensin. 
C) Caffeine stimulates the release of the hormone renin. 
D) Caffeine inhibits the release of the hormone ADH. 
A) Caffeine stimulates the release of the hormone ADH. 
B) Caffeine stimulates the release of the hormone angiotensin. 
C) Caffeine stimulates the release of the hormone renin. 
D) Caffeine inhibits the release of the hormone ADH.

Question 13

Urea is a product of the breakdown of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urea is a product of the breakdown...

Question 14

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) tubule 
C) nephron 
D) nephrostome 
E) glomerulus 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) tubule 
C) nephron 
D) nephrostome 
E) glomerulus

Question 15

The network of capillaries where fluid is filtered out of the blood is the:

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus. 
B) Bowman's capsule. 
C) proximal tubule. 
D) loop of Henle. 
E) distal tubule. 
A) glomerulus. 
B) Bowman's capsule. 
C) proximal tubule. 
D) loop of Henle. 
E) distal tubule.

Question 16

Which part(s)of the tubule system in the kidney is/are sensitive to the effects of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) collecting duct only 
B) distal tubule only 
C) proximal tubule only 
D) loop of Henle only 
E) collecting duct and distal tubule 
A) collecting duct only 
B) distal tubule only 
C) proximal tubule only 
D) loop of Henle only 
E) collecting duct and distal tubule

Question 17

What is the function of tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

Substances that are harmful to the body,

Question 18

Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate in the proximal tubule is not ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?

Accepted Answer

A) Many of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule. 
B) As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed. 
C) Many of the toxins and drugs enter the bladder and become part of the urine as it is stored. 
D) Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to get into the filtrate at any point along the tubule. 
A) Many of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule. 
B) As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed. 
C) Many of the toxins and drugs enter the bladder and become part of the urine as it is stored. 
D) Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to get into the filtrate at any point along the tubule.

Question 19

What are the two main functions of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

excretion of cellula

Question 20

Which portions of the nephron reabsorb water in response to ADH concentrations?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus and Bowman's capsule 
B) loop of Henle and distal tubule 
C) proximal tubule and distal tubule 
D) proximal tubule and loop of Henle 
E) distal tubule and collecting duct 
A) glomerulus and Bowman's capsule 
B) loop of Henle and distal tubule 
C) proximal tubule and distal tubule 
D) proximal tubule and loop of Henle 
E) distal tubule and collecting duct

Exam 35: The Urinary System

The ________ is the muscular tube through which urine leaves each mammalian kidney.

People who are in renal failure can eat whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled. True or False?

Where does most secretion take place within the kidney?

Voluntary muscles control the:

The second step in the formation of urine in a mammal, called ________, occurs in the ________.

Which of these structures most closely resembles a vertebrate kidney tubule?

The excretory system of an earthworm consists of two nephridia, a nephrostome, and an excretory pore. True or False?

Urea is more toxic to the human body than is ammonia. True or False?

Which of these organisms have an excretory system composed of flame cells?

Officials associated with international track and field competitions have noted an increase in the number of athletes who use a synthetic form of erythropoietin. Athletes use this drug because it:

Which of the following constituents of kidney filtrate is reabsorbed by osmosis?

Urea is a product of the breakdown of ________.

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

The network of capillaries where fluid is filtered out of the blood is the:

Which part(s)of the tubule system in the kidney is/are sensitive to the effects of ADH?

What is the function of tubular secretion?

Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate in the proximal tubule is not ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?

What are the two main functions of the urinary system?

Which portions of the nephron reabsorb water in response to ADH concentrations?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

The second step in the formation of urine in a mammal, called , occurs in the .