Question 1

White-nose syndrome in North American bats is an example of a parasite that was likely transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  vertical transmission. 
B)  horizontal transmission. 
C)  both horizontal and vertical transmission. 
D)  neither horizontal nor vertical transmission. 
A)  vertical transmission. 
B)  horizontal transmission. 
C)  both horizontal and vertical transmission. 
D)  neither horizontal nor vertical transmission.

Question 2

When a new disease is discovered, it is called an _____ disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  emerging invasive 
B)  increasing infectious 
C)  emerging infectious 
D)  increasing virulent 
A)  emerging invasive 
B)  increasing infectious 
C)  emerging infectious 
D)  increasing virulent

Question 3

Vaccinations slow or stop the spread of diseases by

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing the virulence of the disease. 
B)  increasing the rate of recovery. 
C)  reducing the size of the susceptible population. 
D)  increasing the number of reservoirs. 
A)  reducing the virulence of the disease. 
B)  increasing the rate of recovery. 
C)  reducing the size of the susceptible population. 
D)  increasing the number of reservoirs.

Question 4

The ability of a host to prevent infection by parasites is called

Accepted Answer

A)  tolerance. 
B)  avoidance. 
C)  resistance. 
D)  reluctance. 
A)  tolerance. 
B)  avoidance. 
C)  resistance. 
D)  reluctance.

Question 5

In S-I-R models, if the ratio of new infections to recoveries is less than 1,

Accepted Answer

A)  the infection becomes an epidemic. 
B)  all individuals in the population become resistant to the infection. 
C)  the infection fails to take hold in the host population. 
D)  all infected individuals in the population recover. 
A)  the infection becomes an epidemic. 
B)  all individuals in the population become resistant to the infection. 
C)  the infection fails to take hold in the host population. 
D)  all infected individuals in the population recover.

Question 6

Vertical transmission of parasites is

Accepted Answer

A)  intraspecific transmission through a vector. 
B)  interspecific transmission through a vector. 
C)  direct transmission from parent to offspring. 
D)  direct interspecific transmission. 
A)  intraspecific transmission through a vector. 
B)  interspecific transmission through a vector. 
C)  direct transmission from parent to offspring. 
D)  direct interspecific transmission.

Question 7

In S-I-R models of infectious disease transmission, I represents _____ individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  immune 
B)  immigrated 
C)  infected 
D)  infectious 
A)  immune 
B)  immigrated 
C)  infected 
D)  infectious

Question 8

Mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii are often attracted to bobcat urine. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a host adaptation. 
B)  coevolution. 
C)  a parasite adaptation. 
D)  a reservoir species adaptation. 
A)  a host adaptation. 
B)  coevolution. 
C)  a parasite adaptation. 
D)  a reservoir species adaptation.

Question 9

Unlike predators, most parasites do not kill their hosts. Why is this beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Parasites typically have a different sur

Question 10

How do reservoir populations allow parasites to persist in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reservoir species transmit the parasite more frequently than host species, so the parasite infects a larger number of individuals. 
B)  Reservoir species are necessary for reproduction of the parasite. 
C)  Reservoir species do not die of the parasite and can be a continuous source of the parasite. 
D)  Without the reservoir species, the parasite could not disperse from one host to another. 
A)  Reservoir species transmit the parasite more frequently than host species, so the parasite infects a larger number of individuals. 
B)  Reservoir species are necessary for reproduction of the parasite. 
C)  Reservoir species do not die of the parasite and can be a continuous source of the parasite. 
D)  Without the reservoir species, the parasite could not disperse from one host to another.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the S-I-R model?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are no births of new susceptible individuals. 
B)  Individuals retain any resistance they develop. 
C)  The epidemic continues until all individuals are resistant or there are too few susceptible individuals to sustain the spread of the disease. 
D)  All infected individuals die. 
A)  There are no births of new susceptible individuals. 
B)  Individuals retain any resistance they develop. 
C)  The epidemic continues until all individuals are resistant or there are too few susceptible individuals to sustain the spread of the disease. 
D)  All infected individuals die.

Question 12

In S-I-R models, the variable g represents the

Accepted Answer

A)  rate of recovery. 
B)  rate of infection. 
C)  proportion of infected individuals. 
D)  rate of transmission. 
A)  rate of recovery. 
B)  rate of infection. 
C)  proportion of infected individuals. 
D)  rate of transmission.

Question 13

Which is true about reservoir species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reservoir species are always aquatic. 
B)  Reservoir species transmit the parasite by direct contact with noninfected individuals. 
C)  Reservoir species may be resistant to the parasitic disease. 
D)  Reservoir species are always brightly colored so as to attract vectors for the purpose of transmitting the parasitic disease. 
A)  Reservoir species are always aquatic. 
B)  Reservoir species transmit the parasite by direct contact with noninfected individuals. 
C)  Reservoir species may be resistant to the parasitic disease. 
D)  Reservoir species are always brightly colored so as to attract vectors for the purpose of transmitting the parasitic disease.

Question 14

Because of its relationship with its host, the ectoparasite has

Accepted Answer

A)  low exposure to the host's immune system. 
B)  low exposure to its natural enemies. 
C)  low exposure to the external environment. 
D)  difficulty moving between hosts. 
A)  low exposure to the host's immune system. 
B)  low exposure to its natural enemies. 
C)  low exposure to the external environment. 
D)  difficulty moving between hosts.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the endoparasite life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has low exposure to its natural enemies. 
B)  It has low exposure to the host's immune system. 
C)  It finds it easy to feed on the host. 
D)  It has low exposure to the external environment. 
A)  It has low exposure to its natural enemies. 
B)  It has low exposure to the host's immune system. 
C)  It finds it easy to feed on the host. 
D)  It has low exposure to the external environment.

Question 16

According to an S-I-R model, if a pathogen can kill its host, the

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogen should decrease in abundance until hosts begin to die. 
B)  pathogen should increase in abundance until the hosts begin to die. 
C)  disease will not become an epidemic. 
D)  individuals in the population will either die or become resistant. 
A)  pathogen should decrease in abundance until hosts begin to die. 
B)  pathogen should increase in abundance until the hosts begin to die. 
C)  disease will not become an epidemic. 
D)  individuals in the population will either die or become resistant.

Question 17

In S-I-R models, which of the following models the ratio of new infections to recoveries?

Accepted Answer

A)  S × (b ÷ g) 
B)  g × (S ÷ b) 
C)  S × (g ÷ b) 
D)  S ÷ (g × b) 
A)  S × (b ÷ g) 
B)  g × (S ÷ b) 
C)  S × (g ÷ b) 
D)  S ÷ (g × b)

Question 18

What is the difference between an intercellular endoparasite and an intracellular endoparasite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intercellular endoparasites attach to the organelles of the cell. 
B)  Intercellular endoparasites are only found in the nucleus of cells where the genetic material (DNA & RN
A)  is found. 
C)  Intracellular endoparasites are never organisms. 
D)  Intercellular endoparasites tend to be larger in size. 
A)  Intercellular endoparasites attach to the organelles of the cell. 
B)  Intercellular endoparasites are only found in the nucleus of cells where the genetic material (DNA & RN
A)  is found. 
C)  Intracellular endoparasites are never organisms. 
D)  Intercellular endoparasites tend to be larger in size.

Question 19

When parasites require a series of hosts to complete their life cycle, they often evolve adaptations that

Accepted Answer

A)  help them reproduce more quickly. 
B)  help them get transmitted from one host to the next. 
C)  protect them from multiple hosts' immune systems. 
D)  allow them to reproduce in any of their hosts. 
A)  help them reproduce more quickly. 
B)  help them get transmitted from one host to the next. 
C)  protect them from multiple hosts' immune systems. 
D)  allow them to reproduce in any of their hosts.

Question 20

The prion that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy is _____ transmitted _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontally; via a mosquito vector 
B)  vertically; from parent to offspring 
C)  horizontally; via a helminth 
D)  horizontally; directly via ingestion of infected cow tissue 
A)  horizontally; via a mosquito vector 
B)  vertically; from parent to offspring 
C)  horizontally; via a helminth 
D)  horizontally; directly via ingestion of infected cow tissue

Exam 15: Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

White-nose syndrome in North American bats is an example of a parasite that was likely transmitted by

When a new disease is discovered, it is called an _____ disease.

Vaccinations slow or stop the spread of diseases by

The ability of a host to prevent infection by parasites is called

In S-I-R models, if the ratio of new infections to recoveries is less than 1,

Vertical transmission of parasites is

In S-I-R models of infectious disease transmission, I represents _____ individuals.

Mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii are often attracted to bobcat urine. This is an example of

Unlike predators, most parasites do not kill their hosts. Why is this beneficial?

How do reservoir populations allow parasites to persist in nature?

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the S-I-R model?

In S-I-R models, the variable g represents the

Which is true about reservoir species?

Because of its relationship with its host, the ectoparasite has

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the endoparasite life cycle?

According to an S-I-R model, if a pathogen can kill its host, the

In S-I-R models, which of the following models the ratio of new infections to recoveries?

What is the difference between an intercellular endoparasite and an intracellular endoparasite?

When parasites require a series of hosts to complete their life cycle, they often evolve adaptations that

The prion that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy is _____ transmitted _____.

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

The prion that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy is _ transmitted _.