Question 1

In S-I-R models, which of the following represents the probability of contact between susceptible and infected individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  S × I 
B)  S ÷ I 
C)  I ÷ S 
D)  S + I 
A)  S × I 
B)  S ÷ I 
C)  I ÷ S 
D)  S + I

Question 2

Which of the following strategies do schistosomes use to circumvent the host's immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce chemical factors that suppress their host's immune system. 
B)  They produce surface proteins that mimic the host's own proteins. 
C)  They continually produce novel surface proteins to confuse their host's immune system. 
D)  They produce a protective outer layer around their bodies that prevents them from being detected by the host's immune system. 
A)  They produce chemical factors that suppress their host's immune system. 
B)  They produce surface proteins that mimic the host's own proteins. 
C)  They continually produce novel surface proteins to confuse their host's immune system. 
D)  They produce a protective outer layer around their bodies that prevents them from being detected by the host's immune system.

Question 3

The parasitic worm Acanthocephalus dirus has evolved an adaptation that causes its isopod host, Caecidotea intermedius, to

Accepted Answer

A)  spend more time out in the open. 
B)  be attracted to larger fish. 
C)  spend more time in refuges. 
D)  be scared of larger fish. 
A)  spend more time out in the open. 
B)  be attracted to larger fish. 
C)  spend more time in refuges. 
D)  be scared of larger fish.

Question 4

In the disease malaria, the Anopheles mosquito is the

Accepted Answer

A)  vector. 
B)  reservoir species. 
C)  host. 
D)  parasite. 
A)  vector. 
B)  reservoir species. 
C)  host. 
D)  parasite.

Question 5

Chimpanzees infected with intestinal worms sometimes eat Aspilia leaves. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  coevolution. 
B)  a reservoir species adaptation. 
C)  a parasite adaptation. 
D)  a host adaptation. 
A)  coevolution. 
B)  a reservoir species adaptation. 
C)  a parasite adaptation. 
D)  a host adaptation.

Question 6

The amphibian pathogen the chytrid fungus does not fit the S-I-R model because the

Accepted Answer

A)  host does not recover from the fungal infection. 
B)  host has no resistance to the fungus. 
C)  fungus kills the host. 
D)  fungus infects many species of amphibians. 
A)  host does not recover from the fungal infection. 
B)  host has no resistance to the fungus. 
C)  fungus kills the host. 
D)  fungus infects many species of amphibians.

Question 7

The black-legged tick (or deer tick) associated with Lyme disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  an intracellular endoparasite. 
B)  an intracellular ectoparasite. 
C)  a vector. 
D)  intercellular ectoparasite. 
A)  an intracellular endoparasite. 
B)  an intracellular ectoparasite. 
C)  a vector. 
D)  intercellular ectoparasite.

Question 8

Question: Anthropologists studying a tribe on an island in the South Pacific ask you to help them with an intriguing health problem: The chiefs of the tribe keep dying at a much more rapid rate than other members of the population. You travel to the island to observe the tribe, and you find that each time an animal is killed during a hunt, the body of the animal is shared communally among all of the members of the tribe. However, one part of the animal, its brain, is reserved exclusively for the tribal chief. The chief consumes the brain raw because it is believed that this allows him to assimilate the animal's knowledge of the island. What would you suggest is causing the death of the tribal chiefs, how is it killing them, and what is the mechanism of transmission?

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided, it is

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an emerging infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  high fatality rate 
B)  recent discovery 
C)  increased occurrence 
D)  recent jump to a new host 
A)  high fatality rate 
B)  recent discovery 
C)  increased occurrence 
D)  recent jump to a new host

Question 10

Malaria in humans and animals is caused by a

Accepted Answer

A)  prion. 
B)  protozoan. 
C)  fungus. 
D)  virus. 
A)  prion. 
B)  protozoan. 
C)  fungus. 
D)  virus.

Question 11

In the figure showing dynamics of an infected population over time, what do the blue, purple, and green curves represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of   In the figure showing dynamics...

Question 12

Why does the parasitic flatworm (Leucochloridium paradoxum) of the amber snail (Succinea putris) alter the behavior of the snail so that it moves to the top of a plant stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  The flatworm needs the snail to move off the ground to avoid predation. 
B)  The flatworm needs the snail to be eaten by a bird to complete its life cycle. 
C)  The conditions at the top of plant stems are better for flatworms. 
D)  There is more food for the snail at the top of plant stems than on the ground. 
A)  The flatworm needs the snail to move off the ground to avoid predation. 
B)  The flatworm needs the snail to be eaten by a bird to complete its life cycle. 
C)  The conditions at the top of plant stems are better for flatworms. 
D)  There is more food for the snail at the top of plant stems than on the ground.

Question 13

Two populations with sample sizes of 25 and 27 are compared with a t-test. What is the value for the degrees of freedom?

Accepted Answer

A)  52 
B)  54 
C)  50 
D)  26 
A)  52 
B)  54 
C)  50 
D)  26

Question 14

Parasites can move between hosts either by horizontal or vertical transmission. Why might those parasites that employ horizontal transmission be more impacted by environmental stochasticity?

Accepted Answer

Parasites that employ horizontal transmi

Question 15

What does the S-I-R model characterize for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunity rates 
B)  treatments 
C)  fatality rates 
D)  transmission 
A)  immunity rates 
B)  treatments 
C)  fatality rates 
D)  transmission

Question 16

The figure shows population fluctuations in forest tent caterpillars over a 60-year period. The caterpillars were susceptible to a viral infection throughout this time. What causes the 10- to 15-year population fluctuation in the caterpillars?

Accepted Answer

The answer of   The figure shows population fluctuations...

Question 17

Describe two ways a parasite can decrease the likelihood that it will run out of potential hosts.

Accepted Answer

One way a parasite can decrease the like

Question 18

The graph shows survival rates for North American populations of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) after exposure to either a North American or European strain of white-nose fungus (Geomyces destructans). What did researchers conclude about the two strains?

Accepted Answer

The answer of   The graph shows survival rates...

Question 19

Fungal parasites

Accepted Answer

A)  affect animals only. 
B)  affect plants only. 
C)  affect both plants and animals. 
D)  affect neither plants nor animals as a parasite. 
A)  affect animals only. 
B)  affect plants only. 
C)  affect both plants and animals. 
D)  affect neither plants nor animals as a parasite.

Question 20

Crop rust is a _____ disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  protozoan 
B)  prion 
C)  viral 
D)  fungal 
A)  protozoan 
B)  prion 
C)  viral 
D)  fungal

Exam 15: Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

In S-I-R models, which of the following represents the probability of contact between susceptible and infected individuals?

Which of the following strategies do schistosomes use to circumvent the host's immune system?

The parasitic worm Acanthocephalus dirus has evolved an adaptation that causes its isopod host, Caecidotea intermedius, to

In the disease malaria, the Anopheles mosquito is the

Chimpanzees infected with intestinal worms sometimes eat Aspilia leaves. This is an example of

The amphibian pathogen the chytrid fungus does not fit the S-I-R model because the

The black-legged tick (or deer tick) associated with Lyme disease is

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an emerging infectious disease?

Malaria in humans and animals is caused by a

In the figure showing dynamics of an infected population over time, what do the blue, purple, and green curves represent?

Why does the parasitic flatworm (Leucochloridium paradoxum) of the amber snail (Succinea putris) alter the behavior of the snail so that it moves to the top of a plant stem?

Two populations with sample sizes of 25 and 27 are compared with a t-test. What is the value for the degrees of freedom?

Parasites can move between hosts either by horizontal or vertical transmission. Why might those parasites that employ horizontal transmission be more impacted by environmental stochasticity?

What does the S-I-R model characterize for infectious diseases?

The figure shows population fluctuations in forest tent caterpillars over a 60-year period. The caterpillars were susceptible to a viral infection throughout this time. What causes the 10- to 15-year population fluctuation in the caterpillars?

Describe two ways a parasite can decrease the likelihood that it will run out of potential hosts.

The graph shows survival rates for North American populations of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) after exposure to either a North American or European strain of white-nose fungus (Geomyces destructans). What did researchers conclude about the two strains?

Fungal parasites

Crop rust is a _____ disease.

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters