Question 1

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot coexist indefinitely when they

Accepted Answer

A)  live in the same habitat. 
B)  are similar species. 
C)  are limited by the same resources. 
D)  consume the same prey. 
A)  live in the same habitat. 
B)  are similar species. 
C)  are limited by the same resources. 
D)  consume the same prey.

Question 2

In the pine bush/pine barrens of the northeastern United States, fire suppression has seen native, fire-dependent pitch pine trees (Pinus rigida) replaced by black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). This would be an example of the role that

Accepted Answer

A)  allelopathy plays in competition. 
B)  disturbance plays in competition. 
C)  predation plays in competition. 
D)  herbivory plays in competition. 
A)  allelopathy plays in competition. 
B)  disturbance plays in competition. 
C)  predation plays in competition. 
D)  herbivory plays in competition.

Question 3

In a chi-square test what is the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no difference between expected and observed. 
B)  Observed and expected are different. 
C)  Observed is greater than expected. 
D)  Observed is less than expected. 
A)  There is no difference between expected and observed. 
B)  Observed and expected are different. 
C)  Observed is greater than expected. 
D)  Observed is less than expected.

Question 4

Darwin argued that closely related species are more likely to compete because they

Accepted Answer

A)  almost always live close together. 
B)  are the same size. 
C)  face the same predators. 
D)  have similar traits and consume similar resources. 
A)  almost always live close together. 
B)  are the same size. 
C)  face the same predators. 
D)  have similar traits and consume similar resources.

Question 5

Populations approach a stable equilibrium when

Accepted Answer

A)  all resources have been consumed. 
B)  resources are plentiful relative to demand. 
C)  growth rate nears zero. 
D)  the population exceeds carrying capacity. 
A)  all resources have been consumed. 
B)  resources are plentiful relative to demand. 
C)  growth rate nears zero. 
D)  the population exceeds carrying capacity.

Question 6

A gray squirrel consuming acorns in a forest impacting other species' ability to do the same would be an example of what type of competition?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitative 
B)  interference 
C)  apparent 
D)  aggressive 
A)  exploitative 
B)  interference 
C)  apparent 
D)  aggressive

Question 7

In the experiment in which goldenrod fields were either sprayed with insecticide or left as untreated controls, the treated goldenrod increased growth and shaded out all of the other species. The result was near monocultures of goldenrod in the treated fields compared to the control fields, where the density and height of goldenrod was reduced. What did researchers conclude from this result?

Accepted Answer

Researchers concluded that the use of in

Question 8

Leibig's law of the minimum

Accepted Answer

A)  fails to consider that the interaction of resources can limit growth. 
B)  fails to consider competition for resources. 
C)  assumes that the resource in lowest supply is always the most limiting. 
D)  fails to consider other processes like predation and disease. 
A)  fails to consider that the interaction of resources can limit growth. 
B)  fails to consider competition for resources. 
C)  assumes that the resource in lowest supply is always the most limiting. 
D)  fails to consider other processes like predation and disease.

Question 9

Closely related species

Accepted Answer

A)  often share similar niches. 
B)  are unlikely to compete with one another. 
C)  are often distributed among different habitats to minimize competition. 
D)  grow together because they thrive in similar habitats. 
A)  often share similar niches. 
B)  are unlikely to compete with one another. 
C)  are often distributed among different habitats to minimize competition. 
D)  grow together because they thrive in similar habitats.

Question 10

When two species interact directly to aggressively defend resources, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  allelopathy. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  apparent competition. 
A)  allelopathy. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  apparent competition.

Question 11

Which of the following equations is a zero-growth isocline?

Accepted Answer

A)  N2 = K1 ÷ $\alpha$ 
B)  N2 =$\alpha$ ÷ K2 
C)  N1 = $\alpha$ ÷ K1 
D)  N2 = K2 ÷ $\alpha$ 
A)  N2 = K1 ÷ $\alpha$ 
B)  N2 =$\alpha$ ÷ K2 
C)  N1 = $\alpha$ ÷ K1 
D)  N2 = K2 ÷ $\alpha$

Question 12

Black walnut trees (Juglans nigra) produce a chemical called juglone in many parts of the tree, including the roots. In producing the chemical the tree is able to decrease growth of some plants around the tree (from the trunk outward to the drip line/edge of canopy). This would be an example of what type of competition?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitative 
B)  interference 
C)  apparent 
D)  intraspecific 
A)  exploitative 
B)  interference 
C)  apparent 
D)  intraspecific

Question 13

When organisms use chemicals to suppress competitors, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitative competition. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  apparent competition. 
D)  allelopathy. 
A)  exploitative competition. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  apparent competition. 
D)  allelopathy.

Question 14

A zero-growth isocline is best defined in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  time. 
B)  population. 
C)  carrying capacity. 
D)  growth rate. 
A)  time. 
B)  population. 
C)  carrying capacity. 
D)  growth rate.

Question 15

In Lotka-Volterra population models, $\alpha$12 and $\alpha$21 are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  isoclines. 
B)  competition coefficients. 
C)  carrying capacities. 
D)  rates of growth. 
A)  isoclines. 
B)  competition coefficients. 
C)  carrying capacities. 
D)  rates of growth.

Question 16

Abiotic environmental factors are NOT considered resources for all of these reasons EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms do not compete for them. 
B)  they cannot be consumed. 
C)  they cannot be used up. 
D)  they do not affect growth and reproduction. 
A)  organisms do not compete for them. 
B)  they cannot be consumed. 
C)  they cannot be used up. 
D)  they do not affect growth and reproduction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a limiting resource for sessile organisms in rocky intertidal habitats?

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  space 
C)  dissolved nitrogen 
D)  mates 
A)  food 
B)  space 
C)  dissolved nitrogen 
D)  mates

Question 18

Hemlocks cast much deeper shade than birch trees. The tree that competes more successfully for light is

Accepted Answer

A)  hemlock, because it casts deeper shade. 
B)  the tree with the largest canopy. 
C)  the tree that can persist as saplings in deep shade in the forest understory. 
D)  the most abundant species of saplings in the understory. 
A)  hemlock, because it casts deeper shade. 
B)  the tree with the largest canopy. 
C)  the tree that can persist as saplings in deep shade in the forest understory. 
D)  the most abundant species of saplings in the understory.

Question 19

Describe what researchers have discovered about the invasive species garlic mustard that makes the plant such an effective competitor in the forests of the northeast.

Accepted Answer

Researchers have discovered several fact

Question 20

In Lotka-Volterra competition models, what does the term $\alpha$1,2 N2 represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  instantaneous rate of population increase of species 1 
B)  carrying capacity of the environment for species 1 
C)  reduction of species 1's carrying capacity by individuals of species 1 
D)  reduction of species 1's carrying capacity by individuals of species 2 
A)  instantaneous rate of population increase of species 1 
B)  carrying capacity of the environment for species 1 
C)  reduction of species 1's carrying capacity by individuals of species 1 
D)  reduction of species 1's carrying capacity by individuals of species 2

Exam 16: Competition

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot coexist indefinitely when they

In the pine bush/pine barrens of the northeastern United States, fire suppression has seen native, fire-dependent pitch pine trees (Pinus rigida) replaced by black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). This would be an example of the role that

In a chi-square test what is the null hypothesis?

Darwin argued that closely related species are more likely to compete because they

Populations approach a stable equilibrium when

A gray squirrel consuming acorns in a forest impacting other species' ability to do the same would be an example of what type of competition?

Leibig's law of the minimum

Closely related species

When two species interact directly to aggressively defend resources, it is called

Which of the following equations is a zero-growth isocline?

When organisms use chemicals to suppress competitors, it is called

A zero-growth isocline is best defined in terms of

In Lotka-Volterra population models, α\alphaα 12 and α\alphaα 21 are referred to as

Abiotic environmental factors are NOT considered resources for all of these reasons EXCEPT that

Which of the following is a limiting resource for sessile organisms in rocky intertidal habitats?

Hemlocks cast much deeper shade than birch trees. The tree that competes more successfully for light is

Describe what researchers have discovered about the invasive species garlic mustard that makes the plant such an effective competitor in the forests of the northeast.

In Lotka-Volterra competition models, what does the term α\alphaα 1,2 N2 represent?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

In Lotka-Volterra population models, $\alpha$ ₁₂ and $\alpha$ ₂₁ are referred to as

In Lotka-Volterra competition models, what does the term $\alpha$ _1,2 N₂ represent?