Exam 4: Adaptations to Variable Environments　

Consider a mouse that can forage in one of two fields. The south field has three times more seeds than the north field. However, an owl (a predator that eats mice) lives at the south field. The mouse forages in the north field despite the fact that it contains less food. This is an example of

An animal that consumes a varied diet because a single food does not contain all necessary nutrients is an example of

During the course of two generations, monarch butterflies move from southern Canada to Mexico, spend the winter in Mexico, and then return to southern Canada. This is an example of

Environmentally induced changes in an individual's physiology are called

Experimental studies found that increased CO2 caused some types of plants to increase their overall growth rates. What aspect of phenotypic plasticity contributed to the increase in growth rate?

Why are phenotypic trade-offs necessary for adaptive phenotypic plasticity to evolve?

Examples of phenotypic plasticity in nature are found in all of the following areas except

Which of the following is an example of weather?

Long-duration environmental events usually take place over _____ spatial scale(s).

A scientist is studying a bird that forages for worms and takes them back to its nest. If the relation between search time and the number of prey caught remains constant but the scientist moves the food closer, what change in the bird's behavior would central place foraging predict?

Tigriopus copepods living in ocean tide pools are subject to frequent changes in salt concentrations. In response to these drastic changes in salinity, Tigriopus copepods change the amount of amino acids in their bodies, which allows the osmotic potential of their body fluids to match that of the tide pool. This is an example of

Which of the following statements about environmental cues is/are TRUE? I. Environmental cues are necessary for an organism to evolve adaptive phenotypic plasticity. II. Environmental cues can include smell, sight, and sound. III. Environmental cues are used by animals but not by plants.

Phenotypic plasticity

A forager that selects food type based on a balance of the energy provided, handling time, and abundance displays

What is an example of how jewelweed plants exhibit adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to competition from other plants?

Torpor is beneficial to animals because it

Refer to the figure to answer this question. Describe the phenotypic plasticity of common pond snails in the absence of mates, and explain the costs and benefits of that phenotypic plasticity.

When the protist Euplotes detects predators, it grows "wings" and other projections to discourage predators. However, developing the projections and wings slows down growth. This is an example of I. phenotypic trade-offs. II. phenotypic plasticity. III. inbreeding depression.

Use the concept of phenotypic trade-offs to explain how foraging behavior is a type of adaptive phenotypic plasticity.

An ecologist is studying the relationship between a beetle species and a flower species. She examines six plants and counts the number of beetles and the number of flowers on each plant. Number of flowers Number of beetles 1 1 2 4 3 9 4 16 5 25 6 36 Which of the following terms best describes the data?