Question 1

The blood glucose level is the primary controlling factor of insulin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In diabetes mellitus:

Accepted Answer

A)  Too much glucose is transferred into the brain cells by an insulin excess. 
B)  The brain cells do not receive an adequate supply of glucose, leading to symptoms of decreased CNS activity. 
C)  Too much glucose is being lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low blood glucose levels. 
D)  The clinical abnormalities may include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, ketosis, and acidosis. 
E)  More than one of these. 
A)  Too much glucose is transferred into the brain cells by an insulin excess. 
B)  The brain cells do not receive an adequate supply of glucose, leading to symptoms of decreased CNS activity. 
C)  Too much glucose is being lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low blood glucose levels. 
D)  The clinical abnormalities may include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, ketosis, and acidosis. 
E)  More than one of these.

Question 3

Which hormone below targets osteoclasts when blood calcium levels are too low, thus causing an increase in the concentration of calcium in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  thyroid hormone 
C)  cortisol 
D)  parathyroid hormone 
E)  calcitonin 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  thyroid hormone 
C)  cortisol 
D)  parathyroid hormone 
E)  calcitonin

Question 4

Thyroid hormones are

Accepted Answer

A)  derivatives of an amino acid 
B)  produced from tyrosine 
C)  stored on thyroglobulin within the follicular colloid 
D)  all of these 
E)  derivatives of an amino acid and stored on thyroglobulin within the follicular colloid 
A)  derivatives of an amino acid 
B)  produced from tyrosine 
C)  stored on thyroglobulin within the follicular colloid 
D)  all of these 
E)  derivatives of an amino acid and stored on thyroglobulin within the follicular colloid

Question 5

Both Type I and Type II diabetes must be treated by regular insulin injections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Complete each of the following statments.
Attaching one iodine atom to tyrosine yields ____________________, whereas attaching two iodine atoms yields ____________________.

Accepted Answer

monoiodoty

Question 7

Glucocorticoids cause all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate conservation 
B)  protein degradation 
C)  increased metabolic rate 
D)  mobilization of fats for energy 
E)  anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects at pharmacological levels 
A)  carbohydrate conservation 
B)  protein degradation 
C)  increased metabolic rate 
D)  mobilization of fats for energy 
E)  anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects at pharmacological levels

Question 8

Amino acids can be converted to glucose whereas fatty acids cannot.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following does not stimulate insulin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated blood amino acid concentration 
B)  gastrointestinal hormones 
C)  a fast-food hamburger 
D)  starvation 
E)  elevated blood glucose concentration 
A)  elevated blood amino acid concentration 
B)  gastrointestinal hormones 
C)  a fast-food hamburger 
D)  starvation 
E)  elevated blood glucose concentration

Question 10

During thyroid hormone secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  The follicular cells phagocytize a piece of colloid. 
B)  T4 and T3 are removed from thyroglobulin by lysosomal enzymes in the follicular cell; then they diffuse out of the cell and into the blood. 
C)  T4 and T3 are secreted by exocytosis of the colloid that has been internalized by the follicular cells. 
D)  The follicular cells phagocytize a piece of colloid, and T4 and T3 are removed from thyroglobulin by lysosomal enzymes in the follicular cell; then they diffuse out of the cell and into the blood. 
E)  The follicular cells phagocytize a piece of colloid, and T4 and T3 are secreted by exocytosis of the colloid that has been internalized by the follicular cells. 
A)  The follicular cells phagocytize a piece of colloid. 
B)  T4 and T3 are removed from thyroglobulin by lysosomal enzymes in the follicular cell; then they diffuse out of the cell and into the blood. 
C)  T4 and T3 are secreted by exocytosis of the colloid that has been internalized by the follicular cells. 
D)  The follicular cells phagocytize a piece of colloid, and T4 and T3 are removed from thyroglobulin by lysosomal enzymes in the follicular cell; then they diffuse out of the cell and into the blood. 
E)  The follicular cells phagocytize a piece of colloid, and T4 and T3 are secreted by exocytosis of the colloid that has been internalized by the follicular cells.

Question 11

Hormones produced by the thyroid include

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitonin 
B)  thyroxine 
C)  PTH 
D)  all of these 
E)  calcitonin and thyroxine 
A)  calcitonin 
B)  thyroxine 
C)  PTH 
D)  all of these 
E)  calcitonin and thyroxine

Question 12

Cortisol is the primary mineralocorticoid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH (parathyroid hormone) causes an increase in plasma calcium by activation of osteoclasts. 
B)  PTH increases renal reabsorption of calcium. 
C)  Vitamin D causes an increase in secretion of Ca2+ into the lumen of the digestive tract. 
D)  Calcitonin causes a decrease in plasma calcium by decreasing Ca2+ movement from the bone fluid into the plasma and by suppressing bone resorption. 
E)  When plasma calcium increases, PTH decreases and calcitonin increases. 
A)  PTH (parathyroid hormone) causes an increase in plasma calcium by activation of osteoclasts. 
B)  PTH increases renal reabsorption of calcium. 
C)  Vitamin D causes an increase in secretion of Ca2+ into the lumen of the digestive tract. 
D)  Calcitonin causes a decrease in plasma calcium by decreasing Ca2+ movement from the bone fluid into the plasma and by suppressing bone resorption. 
E)  When plasma calcium increases, PTH decreases and calcitonin increases.

Question 14

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  causes conservation of sodium 
B)  facilitates lipolysis 
C)  promotes gluconeogenesis 
D)  is regulated by ACTH 
E)  is secreted by the adrenal medulla 
A)  causes conservation of sodium 
B)  facilitates lipolysis 
C)  promotes gluconeogenesis 
D)  is regulated by ACTH 
E)  is secreted by the adrenal medulla

Question 15

A man is found to have the following symptoms: a large goiter, muscle weakness, excessively emotional and irritable disposition, extreme weight loss, a constant feeling of being too warm in normal-temperature rooms, and bulging eyes. The probable diagnosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  myxedema 
B)  Cushing's disease 
C)  Conn's syndrome 
D)  Grave's disease 
E)  Addison's disease 
A)  myxedema 
B)  Cushing's disease 
C)  Conn's syndrome 
D)  Grave's disease 
E)  Addison's disease

Question 16

Which of the following is not an outcome of insulin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases GLUT-4 mobilization 
B)  promotes glucose uptake by neural tissue 
C)  inhibits lipolysis 
D)  promotes glycogenesis 
E)  encourages protein synthesis 
A)  increases GLUT-4 mobilization 
B)  promotes glucose uptake by neural tissue 
C)  inhibits lipolysis 
D)  promotes glycogenesis 
E)  encourages protein synthesis

Question 17

Complete each of the following statments.
Calcitonin is produced by the ____________________ of the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

C cells, t

Question 18

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  cortisol 
C)  insulin 
D)  growth hormone and cortisol 
E)  all of these 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  cortisol 
C)  insulin 
D)  growth hormone and cortisol 
E)  all of these

Question 19

Which of the following characterizes hypoparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypocalcemia 
B)  hypophosphatemia 
C)  reduced neuromuscular excitability 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  hypocalcemia 
B)  hypophosphatemia 
C)  reduced neuromuscular excitability 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 20

Which of the following hormones exhibits a marked diurnal variation in secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  cortisol 
C)  thyroid hormone 
D)  epinephrine 
E)  calcitonin 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  cortisol 
C)  thyroid hormone 
D)  epinephrine 
E)  calcitonin

Exam 19: A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The blood glucose level is the primary controlling factor of insulin secretion.

In diabetes mellitus:

Which hormone below targets osteoclasts when blood calcium levels are too low, thus causing an increase in the concentration of calcium in the blood?

Thyroid hormones are

Both Type I and Type II diabetes must be treated by regular insulin injections.

Complete each of the following statments. Attaching one iodine atom to tyrosine yields ____________________, whereas attaching two iodine atoms yields ____________________.

Glucocorticoids cause all of the following except

Amino acids can be converted to glucose whereas fatty acids cannot.

Which of the following does not stimulate insulin secretion?

During thyroid hormone secretion

Hormones produced by the thyroid include

Cortisol is the primary mineralocorticoid.

Which statement is incorrect?

Aldosterone

A man is found to have the following symptoms: a large goiter, muscle weakness, excessively emotional and irritable disposition, extreme weight loss, a constant feeling of being too warm in normal-temperature rooms, and bulging eyes. The probable diagnosis is

Which of the following is not an outcome of insulin secretion?

Complete each of the following statments. Calcitonin is produced by the ____________________ of the ____________________.

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose?

Which of the following characterizes hypoparathyroidism?

Which of the following hormones exhibits a marked diurnal variation in secretion?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. Attaching one iodine atom to tyrosine yields , whereas attaching two iodine atoms yields .

Complete each of the following statments. Calcitonin is produced by the of the .