Question 1

Glucagon

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans 
B)  is secreted in response to a fall in blood glucose 
C)  is, in general, antagonistic to all other hormones in terms of metabolic effects 
D)  increases fat stores by inhibiting the enzyme that catalyzes triglyceride breakdown 
E)  none of these 
A)  is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans 
B)  is secreted in response to a fall in blood glucose 
C)  is, in general, antagonistic to all other hormones in terms of metabolic effects 
D)  increases fat stores by inhibiting the enzyme that catalyzes triglyceride breakdown 
E)  none of these

Question 2

Insulin is secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is characteristic of the adrenogenital syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  precocious pseudopuberty in prepubertal boys 
B)  development of male-type external genitalia in female fetuses 
C)  hirsutism in adult females 
D)  precocious pseudopuberty in prepubertal boys and hirsutism in adult females 
E)  all of these 
A)  precocious pseudopuberty in prepubertal boys 
B)  development of male-type external genitalia in female fetuses 
C)  hirsutism in adult females 
D)  precocious pseudopuberty in prepubertal boys and hirsutism in adult females 
E)  all of these

Question 4

Complete each of the following statments.
Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids yields a group of compounds called ____________________ that can be utilized by the brain for energy during starvation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Incomplete oxidation...

Question 5

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The most abundant and physiologically important adrenal sex hormone is

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  cortisol 
C)  dehydroepiandrosterone 
D)  estradiol 
E)  testosterone 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  cortisol 
C)  dehydroepiandrosterone 
D)  estradiol 
E)  testosterone

Question 7

Blood sugar levels

Accepted Answer

A)  must remain within normal range because the brain needs a constant supply of sugar 
B)  decrease in response to glucagon secretion 
C)  decrease in response to gluconeogenic activity 
D)  must remain within normal range because the brain needs a constant supply of sugar, and decrease in response to glucagon secretion 
E)  none of these 
A)  must remain within normal range because the brain needs a constant supply of sugar 
B)  decrease in response to glucagon secretion 
C)  decrease in response to gluconeogenic activity 
D)  must remain within normal range because the brain needs a constant supply of sugar, and decrease in response to glucagon secretion 
E)  none of these

Question 8

The primary energy source for the body during the post-absorptive state is glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is the most important physiological regulator of thyroid hormone secretion.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-st

Question 10

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The "iodine pump" of the follicular cells is important for thyroid hormone production. 
B)  Thyroid hormones are formed within a much larger molecule called thyroglobulin. 
C)  Thyroid hormone synthesis is greatly stimulated by the presence of TSH. 
D)  A one- to two-hour supply of thyroid hormone is stored within the colloid in the lumen of the follicle. 
E)  The coupling of two DIT molecules yields thyroxine. 
A)  The "iodine pump" of the follicular cells is important for thyroid hormone production. 
B)  Thyroid hormones are formed within a much larger molecule called thyroglobulin. 
C)  Thyroid hormone synthesis is greatly stimulated by the presence of TSH. 
D)  A one- to two-hour supply of thyroid hormone is stored within the colloid in the lumen of the follicle. 
E)  The coupling of two DIT molecules yields thyroxine.

Question 11

Complete each of the following statments.
Vitamin D must be activated by the ____________________ and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Vitamin D...

Question 12

Which of the following regulates aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH 
B)  renin-angiotensin system 
C)  plasma K+ concentration 
D)  renin-angiotensin system and plasma K+ concentration 
E)  none of these 
A)  ACTH 
B)  renin-angiotensin system 
C)  plasma K+ concentration 
D)  renin-angiotensin system and plasma K+ concentration 
E)  none of these

Question 13

Calcitonin is

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulated by TSH 
B)  stimulated by TCSH 
C)  secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland 
D)  stored in the colloid of the thyroid follicles 
E)  both stimulated by TSH and secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland are correct 
A)  stimulated by TSH 
B)  stimulated by TCSH 
C)  secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland 
D)  stored in the colloid of the thyroid follicles 
E)  both stimulated by TSH and secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland are correct

Question 14

An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased plasma cortisol levels 
B)  increased plasma glucagon levels 
C)  increased plasma vasopressin levels 
D)  increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels 
E)  increased plasma epinephrine levels 
A)  increased plasma cortisol levels 
B)  increased plasma glucagon levels 
C)  increased plasma vasopressin levels 
D)  increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels 
E)  increased plasma epinephrine levels

Question 15

Insulin

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the insertion of additional glucose transporters in the plasma membranes of insulin-dependent cells 
B)  stimulates glycogenesis and inhibits glycogenolysis 
C)  secretion is increased in response to a fall in blood glucose concentration 
D)  promotes the insertion of additional glucose transporters in the plasma membranes of insulin-dependent cells and stimulates glycogenesis and inhibits glycogenolysis 
E)  all of these 
A)  promotes the insertion of additional glucose transporters in the plasma membranes of insulin-dependent cells 
B)  stimulates glycogenesis and inhibits glycogenolysis 
C)  secretion is increased in response to a fall in blood glucose concentration 
D)  promotes the insertion of additional glucose transporters in the plasma membranes of insulin-dependent cells and stimulates glycogenesis and inhibits glycogenolysis 
E)  all of these

Question 16

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is the primary trigger for the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is...

Question 17

Which of the following is/are characteristic of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  mobilization of energy reserves 
B)  conservation of water and sodium 
C)  increased systemic vasoconstriction 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  mobilization of energy reserves 
B)  conservation of water and sodium 
C)  increased systemic vasoconstriction 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 18

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the thyroid gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Hypothyroidism may

Accepted Answer

A)  occur secondarily to anterior pituitary failure 
B)  occur due to inadequate dietary supply of iodine 
C)  be due to failure of the thyroid gland itself 
D)  occur due to inadequate dietary supply of iodine and be due to failure of the thyroid gland itself 
E)  all of these 
A)  occur secondarily to anterior pituitary failure 
B)  occur due to inadequate dietary supply of iodine 
C)  be due to failure of the thyroid gland itself 
D)  occur due to inadequate dietary supply of iodine and be due to failure of the thyroid gland itself 
E)  all of these

Question 20

Triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine are produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Glucagon

Insulin is secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Which of the following is characteristic of the adrenogenital syndrome?

Complete each of the following statments. Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids yields a group of compounds called ____________________ that can be utilized by the brain for energy during starvation.

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.

The most abundant and physiologically important adrenal sex hormone is

Blood sugar levels

The primary energy source for the body during the post-absorptive state is glucose.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ is the most important physiological regulator of thyroid hormone secretion.

Which statement is incorrect?

Complete each of the following statments. Vitamin D must be activated by the ____________________ and ____________________.

Which of the following regulates aldosterone secretion?

Calcitonin is

An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to

Insulin

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ is the primary trigger for the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.

Which of the following is/are characteristic of the general adaptation syndrome?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the thyroid gland.

Hypothyroidism may

Triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine are produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. Vitamin D must be activated by the and .