Question 1

Compare and contrast the chromosome structure of viruses,bacteria,and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

The amount of DNA per structure virus pa

Question 2

What are minisatellites and microsatellites?

Accepted Answer

Both are highly repe

Question 3

In E.coli,the genetic material is composed of _________.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA and protein 
B) circular,double- stranded DNA 
C) circular,double- stranded RNA 
D) polypeptide chains 
E) linear,double- stranded DNA 
A) RNA and protein 
B) circular,double- stranded DNA 
C) circular,double- stranded RNA 
D) polypeptide chains 
E) linear,double- stranded DNA

Question 4

-In human chromosomes,satellite DNA sequences of about 170 base pairs in length are present in tandem arrays of up to 1 million base pairs.Found mainly in centromere regions,these DNA sequences are called .

Accepted Answer

A) alphoid families 
B) telomeres 
C) euchromatic regions 
D) primers 
E) telomere- associated sequences 
A) alphoid families 
B) telomeres 
C) euchromatic regions 
D) primers 
E) telomere- associated sequences

Question 5

What similarities do bacterial chromosomes have with eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Both have double- stranded DNA

Question 6

Briefly state what is meant by repetitive DNA.

Accepted Answer

DNA is present in re

Question 7

What is meant by SINE in terms of chromosome structure? By LINE? Why are they called "repetitive"?

Accepted Answer

SINE = short interspersed elem

Question 8

How does a polytene chromosome differ from a typical eukaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Polytene chromosomes are found in a vari

Question 9

The condensed areas in polytene and lampbrush chromosomes are referred to as_________ .

Accepted Answer

A) centromeres 
B) chiasmata 
C) chromomeres 
D) chromatids 
E) puffs 
A) centromeres 
B) chiasmata 
C) chromomeres 
D) chromatids 
E) puffs

Question 10

Which statement about lampbrush chromosomes is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) More DNA is looped out from the axis than is required for a single gene. 
B) They are meiotic chromosomes. 
C) Looped out regions are active in RNA synthesis. 
D) The loops consist of two DNA helices,whereas the axis consists of a single DNA helix. 
E) Instead of being condensed,they are extended. 
A) More DNA is looped out from the axis than is required for a single gene. 
B) They are meiotic chromosomes. 
C) Looped out regions are active in RNA synthesis. 
D) The loops consist of two DNA helices,whereas the axis consists of a single DNA helix. 
E) Instead of being condensed,they are extended.

Question 11

List several configurations that characterize different viral chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

DNA single- and doub

Question 12

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain two general domains that relate to the degree of condensation.These two regions are_________ .

Accepted Answer

A) uniform in the genetic information they contain 
B) separated by large stretches of repetitive DNA 
C) called heterochromatin and euchromatin 
D) void of introns 
E) each void of typical protein- coding sequences of DNA 
A) uniform in the genetic information they contain 
B) separated by large stretches of repetitive DNA 
C) called heterochromatin and euchromatin 
D) void of introns 
E) each void of typical protein- coding sequences of DNA

Question 13

In instances in the eukaryotic genome,DNA sequences represent evolutionary vestiges of duplicated copies of genes.What are such regions called and what are their characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Pseudogenes are duplicated cop

Question 14

If relaxed circular DNA is designated R ,supercoiled circular DNA is designated S) and linear DNA is designated L ,arrange these conformations in order of increasing rate of sedimentation during centrifugation.

Accepted Answer

A) L ,S ,R 
B) S ,L ,R 
C) S ,R ,L 
D) R ,S ,L 
E) L),R),S) 
A) L ,S ,R 
B) S ,L ,R 
C) S ,R ,L 
D) R ,S ,L 
E) L),R),S)

Question 15

In which of the following ways do polytene chromosomes differ from other chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) Polytene chromosomes represent uncoiled versions of meiotic chromosomes. 
B) Polytene chromosomes are multiple copies of identical single- stranded DNA. 
C) Polytene chromosomes can only be found in bacteria. 
D) Polytene chromosomes are separated but not replicated. 
E) Polytene chromosomes are replicated but not separated. 
A) Polytene chromosomes represent uncoiled versions of meiotic chromosomes. 
B) Polytene chromosomes are multiple copies of identical single- stranded DNA. 
C) Polytene chromosomes can only be found in bacteria. 
D) Polytene chromosomes are separated but not replicated. 
E) Polytene chromosomes are replicated but not separated.

Question 16

Type I topoisomerases differ from type II topoisomerases in that the type I enzymes_________ .

Accepted Answer

A) induce negative supercoiling 
B) cleave both strands of a double helix 
C) cleave one strand of a double helix 
D) decrease the linking number L of a double helix 
E) ligate fragments of DNA that have been hydrolyzed 
A) induce negative supercoiling 
B) cleave both strands of a double helix 
C) cleave one strand of a double helix 
D) decrease the linking number L of a double helix 
E) ligate fragments of DNA that have been hydrolyzed

Question 17

In the formation of nucleosomes,one histone class,H1,is not directly involved,yet it does associate with DNA to form higher level chromosomal structures.Where does this histone H1 associate?

Accepted Answer

in the spaces betwee

Exam 12: DNA Organization in Chromosomes

Compare and contrast the chromosome structure of viruses,bacteria,and eukaryotes.

What are minisatellites and microsatellites?

In E.coli,the genetic material is composed of _________.

-In human chromosomes,satellite DNA sequences of about 170 base pairs in length are present in tandem arrays of up to 1 million base pairs.Found mainly in centromere regions,these DNA sequences are called .

What similarities do bacterial chromosomes have with eukaryotic chromosomes?

Briefly state what is meant by repetitive DNA.

What is meant by SINE in terms of chromosome structure? By LINE? Why are they called "repetitive"?

How does a polytene chromosome differ from a typical eukaryotic chromosome?

The condensed areas in polytene and lampbrush chromosomes are referred to as_________ .

Which statement about lampbrush chromosomes is incorrect?

List several configurations that characterize different viral chromosomes.

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain two general domains that relate to the degree of condensation.These two regions are_________ .

In instances in the eukaryotic genome,DNA sequences represent evolutionary vestiges of duplicated copies of genes.What are such regions called and what are their characteristics?

If relaxed circular DNA is designated R ,supercoiled circular DNA is designated S) and linear DNA is designated L ,arrange these conformations in order of increasing rate of sedimentation during centrifugation.

In which of the following ways do polytene chromosomes differ from other chromosomes?

Type I topoisomerases differ from type II topoisomerases in that the type I enzymes_________ .

In the formation of nucleosomes,one histone class,H1,is not directly involved,yet it does associate with DNA to form higher level chromosomal structures.Where does this histone H1 associate?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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