Question 1

The diseases bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are caused by what kind of protein? How does this protein cause these diseases?

Accepted Answer

These diseases are caused by the prion p

Question 2

During initiation in bacterial translation,a particular mutation causes the premature binding of the large ribosome subunit to the small ribosome subunit.Which component of initiation is not working properly?

Accepted Answer

A) IF3 
B) Shine- Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA 
C) IF1 
D) IF2 
E) Ribosome's E site 
A) IF3 
B) Shine- Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA 
C) IF1 
D) IF2 
E) Ribosome's E site

Question 3

Sickle- cell anemia is caused when one nucleotide is changed to another nucleotide in the hemoglobin gene.How does this one small change cause the life- threatening disease of sickle- cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Substituting this one nucleotide changes

Question 4

Modular portions of a protein that fold into stable conformations with specific functional capabilities are referred to as_________ .

Accepted Answer

A) protein domains 
B) protein subunits 
C) protein quaternary structures 
D) protein chaperones 
E) protein secondary structures 
A) protein domains 
B) protein subunits 
C) protein quaternary structures 
D) protein chaperones 
E) protein secondary structures

Question 5

A mutation in EF- Tu would have a DIRECT effect on which part of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) The next tRNA would not be able to enter the A site of the ribosome. 
B) The peptide bond formation would be blocked. 
C) The polypeptide would form,but translation termination would be blocked. 
D) The small and large subunits would not bind. 
E) Translocation would be directly blocked. 
A) The next tRNA would not be able to enter the A site of the ribosome. 
B) The peptide bond formation would be blocked. 
C) The polypeptide would form,but translation termination would be blocked. 
D) The small and large subunits would not bind. 
E) Translocation would be directly blocked.

Question 6

The protein shown below provides an example of which level of protein folding?

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary 
B) pentenary 
C) quaternary 
D) primary 
E) secondary 
A) tertiary 
B) pentenary 
C) quaternary 
D) primary 
E) secondary

Question 7

Regarding the protein structure,how are fi- pleated sheets arranged and stabilized?

Accepted Answer

Several chains run in parallel

Question 8

The problem below relates to the synthesis of several intermediates in the citric acid cycle,which is essential in the production of ATP through aerobic respiration.A set of experimental results relating the growth +)of Neurospora on several media is given in the table.Based on the information provided,present the biochemical pathway for the substances oxaloacetate,fumarate,malate,and succinate,and the locations of the metabolic blocks produced by the various strains.

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM&
Much has been learned about t

Question 9

Assume that a base addition occurs early in the coding region of a gene.Is the protein product of this gene expected to have MORE or FEWER altered amino acids compared with the original gene with a base deletion late in the coding region? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Since an addition or deletion of a base

Question 10

Often point mutations can cause a protein to be made that differs in just one amino acid.Which of the following changes is most likely to cause the greatest change in protein function?

Accepted Answer

A) a mutation that replaces an asparagine with a glutamine 
B) a mutation that replaces a valine with an isoleucine 
C) a mutation that replaces a proline with an aspartic acid 
D) a mutation that replaces a glutamic acid with an aspartic acid 
E) a mutation that replaces a serine with a cysteine 
A) a mutation that replaces an asparagine with a glutamine 
B) a mutation that replaces a valine with an isoleucine 
C) a mutation that replaces a proline with an aspartic acid 
D) a mutation that replaces a glutamic acid with an aspartic acid 
E) a mutation that replaces a serine with a cysteine

Question 11

Nutritional mutants in Neurospora can be "cured" by treating the medium with substances in the defective metabolic pathway.What determines whether the mutant strain auxotroph)is "cured" by a particular substance?

Accepted Answer

The substance needs

Question 12

All of the following are examples of posttranslational modifications,EXCEPT_________ .

Accepted Answer

A) The N- terminal amino acid is often removed or modified. 
B) Polypeptide chains can be cleaved to produce a shorter and functional polypeptide. 
C) Individual amino acid residues are sometimes modified,such as adding a phosphates,acetyl,or methyl groups can be added. 
D) Polypeptides can be degraded and then reassembled to produce entirely different sequenced polypeptides. 
E) Prosthetic groups,such as metals or vitamins,can be added. 
A) The N- terminal amino acid is often removed or modified. 
B) Polypeptide chains can be cleaved to produce a shorter and functional polypeptide. 
C) Individual amino acid residues are sometimes modified,such as adding a phosphates,acetyl,or methyl groups can be added. 
D) Polypeptides can be degraded and then reassembled to produce entirely different sequenced polypeptides. 
E) Prosthetic groups,such as metals or vitamins,can be added.

Question 13

Which class of protein functions primarily by lowering the energy of activation during a reaction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which class of protein functions primarily by...

Question 14

Considering the types of side chains on amino acids and their relationship to protein structure,where are the amino acids with hydrophobic side chains most likely to be located?

Accepted Answer

Away from the water

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the tRNA structure?

Accepted Answer

A) The nucleotides found in a tRNA molecule can only be adenine,uracil,guanine,and cytosine. 
B) The anticodon is found at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule. 
C) A tRNA molecule that has an amino acid attached to it is called a charged tRNA. 
D) An amino acid binds to the 5' end of the tRNA molecule. 
E) The tRNA binds to an mRNA's codon at the variable loop. 
A) The nucleotides found in a tRNA molecule can only be adenine,uracil,guanine,and cytosine. 
B) The anticodon is found at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule. 
C) A tRNA molecule that has an amino acid attached to it is called a charged tRNA. 
D) An amino acid binds to the 5' end of the tRNA molecule. 
E) The tRNA binds to an mRNA's codon at the variable loop.

Question 16

A bacterium's large subunit is 60S and its small subunit is 40S.What is the size of the ribosome containing both subunits?

Accepted Answer

A) 100S 
B) 120S 
C) 70S 
D) 20S 
E) 80S 
A) 100S 
B) 120S 
C) 70S 
D) 20S 
E) 80S

Question 17

Below are several phenomena relating to protein structure.Clearly describe each phenomenon,the conditions u which each occurs,and the probable influence each has on protein structure.
a)hydrophobic interactions
b)hydrogen bonds
c)disulfide bridges

Accepted Answer

a)Hydrophobic interactions: These are no

Question 18

Assuming that an amino acid sequence is 250 amino acids long,how many different molecules,each with a unique sequence,could be formed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assuming that an amino acid sequence is...

Question 19

The one- gene:one- enzyme hypothesis emerged from work on which two organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurospora and Drosophila 
B) E.coli and humans 
C) E.coli and yeast 
D) Drosophila and humans 
E) All of the answers listed are correct. 
A) Neurospora and Drosophila 
B) E.coli and humans 
C) E.coli and yeast 
D) Drosophila and humans 
E) All of the answers listed are correct.

Question 20

What are polyribosomes and why are they important?

Accepted Answer

Polyribosomes are clusters of ribosomes

Exam 14: Translation and Proteins

The diseases bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are caused by what kind of protein? How does this protein cause these diseases?

During initiation in bacterial translation,a particular mutation causes the premature binding of the large ribosome subunit to the small ribosome subunit.Which component of initiation is not working properly?

Sickle- cell anemia is caused when one nucleotide is changed to another nucleotide in the hemoglobin gene.How does this one small change cause the life- threatening disease of sickle- cell anemia?

Modular portions of a protein that fold into stable conformations with specific functional capabilities are referred to as_________ .

A mutation in EF- Tu would have a DIRECT effect on which part of translation?

The protein shown below provides an example of which level of protein folding?

Regarding the protein structure,how are fi- pleated sheets arranged and stabilized?

Assume that a base addition occurs early in the coding region of a gene.Is the protein product of this gene expected to have MORE or FEWER altered amino acids compared with the original gene with a base deletion late in the coding region? Explain.

Often point mutations can cause a protein to be made that differs in just one amino acid.Which of the following changes is most likely to cause the greatest change in protein function?

Nutritional mutants in Neurospora can be "cured" by treating the medium with substances in the defective metabolic pathway.What determines whether the mutant strain auxotroph)is "cured" by a particular substance?

All of the following are examples of posttranslational modifications,EXCEPT_________ .

Which class of protein functions primarily by lowering the energy of activation during a reaction?

Considering the types of side chains on amino acids and their relationship to protein structure,where are the amino acids with hydrophobic side chains most likely to be located?

Which of the following is true regarding the tRNA structure?

A bacterium's large subunit is 60S and its small subunit is 40S.What is the size of the ribosome containing both subunits?

Below are several phenomena relating to protein structure.Clearly describe each phenomenon,the conditions u which each occurs,and the probable influence each has on protein structure. a)hydrophobic interactions b)hydrogen bonds c)disulfide bridges

Assuming that an amino acid sequence is 250 amino acids long,how many different molecules,each with a unique sequence,could be formed?

The one- gene:one- enzyme hypothesis emerged from work on which two organisms?

What are polyribosomes and why are they important?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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