Question 1

Describe the cellular and molecular function of the ras gene family and the consequences of mutations in ras.

Accepted Answer

The ras gene family encodes a protein th

Question 2

Describe why cancer cells are more susceptible to chemotherapies and radiation therapies than normal cells.

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells suffer from mutations that

Question 3

Provide a definition of cancer at the genetic level.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is a genetic disorder that can re

Question 4

Which of the following proteins function as a cell- cycle regulator and transcription factor that can result in cell death apoptosis)to a damaged cell?

Accepted Answer

A) p53 
B) p102 
C) p34 
D) cyclin 
E) phosphokinase 
A) p53 
B) p102 
C) p34 
D) cyclin 
E) phosphokinase

Question 5

The gene p53 is called the  _____because it corrects mutations in the spindle apparatus before nondisjunction can occur.

Accepted Answer

A) M phase checkpoint monitor 
B) tumor- suppressor monitor 
C) guardian of the genome 
D) S phase checkpoint monitor 
A) M phase checkpoint monitor 
B) tumor- suppressor monitor 
C) guardian of the genome 
D) S phase checkpoint monitor

Question 6

Why do cancer researchers study molecular events associated with mitosis?

Accepted Answer

While mitosis is a basic process related

Question 7

Describe how tumor- suppressor genes keep cells in check.

Accepted Answer

Tumor- suppressor genes generate gene pr

Question 8

Describe three genetic mechanisms whereby proto- oncogenes can become overexpressed.

Accepted Answer

Mutations can occur which caus

Question 9

The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being _____,whereas those with the sporadic form start out being _____
.

Accepted Answer

heterozygous for the

Question 10

A loss- of- function mutation in BAX proteins could eliminate apoptotic response in cell.Describe why this type of mutation is a passenger mutation and not a driver mutation.

Accepted Answer

The loss of function of the ap

Question 11

Describe the molecular nature of mutation,as related to cancer,in a ras gene.

Accepted Answer

The ras gene family encodes a protein of

Question 12

Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears to be associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.How is a chromosomal rearrangement responsible for this disease?

Accepted Answer

Joining of chromosomes 9 and 2

Question 13

Signal transduction is best described as_______.

Accepted Answer

A) communication between nuclei of two organisms 
B) communication between cells through physical interaction 
C) transmission of signals external to the cell to the nucleus 
D) transmission of signals from cancer cells to normal cells 
A) communication between nuclei of two organisms 
B) communication between cells through physical interaction 
C) transmission of signals external to the cell to the nucleus 
D) transmission of signals from cancer cells to normal cells

Question 14

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell.Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A) carrier mutations 
B) indirect mutations 
C) insignificant mutations 
D) passenger mutations 
E) alteration mutations 
A) carrier mutations 
B) indirect mutations 
C) insignificant mutations 
D) passenger mutations 
E) alteration mutations

Question 15

Which of the following general mechanisms appear to be involved in the formation of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) transdetermination,mutation,allosteric interactions 
B) suppression,tabulation,projection 
C) genomic instability,DNA repair failure,chromatin modifications 
D) inversions,operon formation,methylation 
E) RNA failure,DNA phosphorylation,phosphorylation of adenyl cyclase 
A) transdetermination,mutation,allosteric interactions 
B) suppression,tabulation,projection 
C) genomic instability,DNA repair failure,chromatin modifications 
D) inversions,operon formation,methylation 
E) RNA failure,DNA phosphorylation,phosphorylation of adenyl cyclase

Question 16

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma,only two gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop.This happens when an organism inherits a mutant allele and a wild- type allele forms the parents.When the wild- type allele is mutated,resulting in tumorigenesis,this process is called,_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) gain of heterozygosity 
B) loss of heterozygosity 
C) recombination 
D) metastasizing 
E) attenuation 
A) gain of heterozygosity 
B) loss of heterozygosity 
C) recombination 
D) metastasizing 
E) attenuation

Question 17

Describe the normal function of a tumor- suppressor gene.

Accepted Answer

A tumor- suppressor gene is a

Question 18

Many of the known cancers are a result of _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) the genetic stability of the human genome 
B) the non- carcinogenic nature of our environment 
C) the genetic instability of the human genome 
D) exercising regularly 
A) the genetic stability of the human genome 
B) the non- carcinogenic nature of our environment 
C) the genetic instability of the human genome 
D) exercising regularly

Question 19

Name two of the classes of proteins that combine to directly control progression through the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name two of the classes of proteins...

Question 20

Most cancers arise due to mutations in somatic cells,if someone has a predisposition to cancer,what genetic circumstance likely exists?

Accepted Answer

a germ- line mutatio

Exam 24: Cancer Genetics

Describe the cellular and molecular function of the ras gene family and the consequences of mutations in ras.

Describe why cancer cells are more susceptible to chemotherapies and radiation therapies than normal cells.

Provide a definition of cancer at the genetic level.

Which of the following proteins function as a cell- cycle regulator and transcription factor that can result in cell death apoptosis)to a damaged cell?

The gene p53 is called the _____because it corrects mutations in the spindle apparatus before nondisjunction can occur.

Why do cancer researchers study molecular events associated with mitosis?

Describe how tumor- suppressor genes keep cells in check.

Describe three genetic mechanisms whereby proto- oncogenes can become overexpressed.

The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being _____,whereas those with the sporadic form start out being _____ .

A loss- of- function mutation in BAX proteins could eliminate apoptotic response in cell.Describe why this type of mutation is a passenger mutation and not a driver mutation.

Describe the molecular nature of mutation,as related to cancer,in a ras gene.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears to be associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.How is a chromosomal rearrangement responsible for this disease?

Signal transduction is best described as_______.

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell.Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

Which of the following general mechanisms appear to be involved in the formation of cancer cells?

Describe the normal function of a tumor- suppressor gene.

Many of the known cancers are a result of _____ .

Name two of the classes of proteins that combine to directly control progression through the cell cycle.

Most cancers arise due to mutations in somatic cells,if someone has a predisposition to cancer,what genetic circumstance likely exists?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being _,whereas those with the sporadic form start out being _ .