Question 1

What organism displays Babès-Ernst granules on a Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Listeria monocytogenes 
B)  Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 
C)  Rhodococcus equi 
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
A)  Listeria monocytogenes 
B)  Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 
C)  Rhodococcus equi 
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 2

Why is it that although Nocardia spp. grow on most common nonselective laboratory media, many are missed when the cultures are read?

Accepted Answer

A)  These organisms require 3 to 6 days to grow. 
B)  These organisms require factors X and V to grow. 
C)  These organisms require 3 to 6 weeks to grow. 
D)  These organisms are anaerobic. 
A)  These organisms require 3 to 6 days to grow. 
B)  These organisms require factors X and V to grow. 
C)  These organisms require 3 to 6 weeks to grow. 
D)  These organisms are anaerobic.

Question 3

The presence of gram-variable bacilli on the surface of epithelial cells collected from the vaginal mucosa indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  cervicitis. 
B)  bacterial vaginosis. 
C)  diphtheria. 
D)  poor staining technique. 
A)  cervicitis. 
B)  bacterial vaginosis. 
C)  diphtheria. 
D)  poor staining technique.

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered a diphtheroid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corynebacterium sp. 
B)  Nocardia sp. 
C)  Erysipelotghrix rhusiopathiae 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes 
A)  Corynebacterium sp. 
B)  Nocardia sp. 
C)  Erysipelotghrix rhusiopathiae 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes

Question 5

What is the name of the iron-chelating compound produced by Nocardia spp.?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nocobactin 
B)  Novobiocin 
C)  Narcalase 
D)  Niacin 
A)  Nocobactin 
B)  Novobiocin 
C)  Narcalase 
D)  Niacin

Question 6

Why is it important to differentiate infections with Nocardia spp. in pulmonary infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antifungal agents do not kill these organisms. 
B)  These organisms are resistant to penicillin. 
C)  These organisms are susceptible to sulfonamides. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Antifungal agents do not kill these organisms. 
B)  These organisms are resistant to penicillin. 
C)  These organisms are susceptible to sulfonamides. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 7

What Corynebacterium species is commonly associated with hospitalized immunocompromised patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  C. pseudotuberculosis 
B)  C. jeikeium 
C)  C. striatum 
D)  C. ulcerans 
A)  C. pseudotuberculosis 
B)  C. jeikeium 
C)  C. striatum 
D)  C. ulcerans

Question 8

The colonies of this organism form large, rough, greenish, hemolytic colonies on blood agar. What organism is it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Escherichia coli 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
D)  Bacillus cereus 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Escherichia coli 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
D)  Bacillus cereus

Question 9

What is the name of the genus of organisms that are primarily saprophytic and resemble aerobic actinomycetes with the morphology and diseases they cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actinomadura 
B)  Saprophytes 
C)  Streptomyces 
D)  Streptococcus 
A)  Actinomadura 
B)  Saprophytes 
C)  Streptomyces 
D)  Streptococcus

Question 10

What test is performed to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a toxigenic strain of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elek test 
B)  Schick test 
C)  Lancefield group test 
D)  Coagulase 
A)  Elek test 
B)  Schick test 
C)  Lancefield group test 
D)  Coagulase

Question 11

All of the following species of Arcanobacterium are clinically significant, except

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. 
B)  Trueperella pyogenes (previously A. pyogenes). 
C)  Trueperella bernardiae (previously A. bernardiae). 
D)  A. urealyticum. 
A)  Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. 
B)  Trueperella pyogenes (previously A. pyogenes). 
C)  Trueperella bernardiae (previously A. bernardiae). 
D)  A. urealyticum.

Question 12

All of the following are commonly encountered Nocardia spp., except

Accepted Answer

A)  Nocardia asteroides. 
B)  N. brasiliensis. 
C)  N. transvalensis. 
D)  N. nova. 
A)  Nocardia asteroides. 
B)  N. brasiliensis. 
C)  N. transvalensis. 
D)  N. nova.

Question 13

What form of anthrax is found among animal workers and has been called Woolsorter disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cutaneous 
B)  Gastrointestinal 
C)  Inhalation 
D)  Optical 
A)  Cutaneous 
B)  Gastrointestinal 
C)  Inhalation 
D)  Optical

Question 14

How can Nocardia spp. be presumptively identified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strong staining with Gram stain and the presence of filamentous, branching organisms 
B)  Medusa head colonies with filamentous, branching organisms present on acid-fast stain 
C)  Sulfur granules that when crushed and Gram stained reveal filamentous, branching organisms 
D)  Filamentous, branching organisms with a carbolfuchsin acid-fast stain with a weak acid decolorizer, but not a Kinyoun acid-fast stain 
A)  Strong staining with Gram stain and the presence of filamentous, branching organisms 
B)  Medusa head colonies with filamentous, branching organisms present on acid-fast stain 
C)  Sulfur granules that when crushed and Gram stained reveal filamentous, branching organisms 
D)  Filamentous, branching organisms with a carbolfuchsin acid-fast stain with a weak acid decolorizer, but not a Kinyoun acid-fast stain

Question 15

Which of the following is true about Nocardia spp.?

Accepted Answer

A)  These organisms grow on standard nonselective media. 
B)  Growth may take a week or more. 
C)  Infections occur in immunocompromised patients. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  These organisms grow on standard nonselective media. 
B)  Growth may take a week or more. 
C)  Infections occur in immunocompromised patients. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 16

What is the major virulence factor associated with Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypsin 
B)  Diphtheria toxin 
C)  Diphtheria bacteriophage 
D)  Hyaluronidase 
A)  Trypsin 
B)  Diphtheria toxin 
C)  Diphtheria bacteriophage 
D)  Hyaluronidase

Question 17

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae produces all the following diseases, except

Accepted Answer

A)  septicemia. 
B)  meningitis. 
C)  endocarditis. 
D)  erysipeloid. 
A)  septicemia. 
B)  meningitis. 
C)  endocarditis. 
D)  erysipeloid.

Question 18

What is the name of the Bacillus sp. that causes anthrax in cattle?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. anthracis 
B)  B. cereus 
C)  B. asteroids 
D)  B. subtilis 
A)  B. anthracis 
B)  B. cereus 
C)  B. asteroids 
D)  B. subtilis

Question 19

What is the name of the bacterium that plays an important role in the health of the female vaginal tract, protecting it against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corynebacterium 
B)  Gardnerella vaginalis 
C)  Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 
D)  Lactobacillus 
A)  Corynebacterium 
B)  Gardnerella vaginalis 
C)  Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 
D)  Lactobacillus

Question 20

What is the name of the Nocardia sp. that most frequently causes a cutaneous infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nocardia nova 
B)  N. brasiliensis 
C)  N. asteroides 
D)  N. transvalensis 
A)  Nocardia nova 
B)  N. brasiliensis 
C)  N. asteroides 
D)  N. transvalensis

Exam 16: Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

What organism displays Babès-Ernst granules on a Gram stain?

Why is it that although Nocardia spp. grow on most common nonselective laboratory media, many are missed when the cultures are read?

The presence of gram-variable bacilli on the surface of epithelial cells collected from the vaginal mucosa indicates

Which of the following would be considered a diphtheroid?

What is the name of the iron-chelating compound produced by Nocardia spp.?

Why is it important to differentiate infections with Nocardia spp. in pulmonary infections?

What Corynebacterium species is commonly associated with hospitalized immunocompromised patients?

The colonies of this organism form large, rough, greenish, hemolytic colonies on blood agar. What organism is it?

What is the name of the genus of organisms that are primarily saprophytic and resemble aerobic actinomycetes with the morphology and diseases they cause?

What test is performed to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a toxigenic strain of an organism?

All of the following species of Arcanobacterium are clinically significant, except

All of the following are commonly encountered Nocardia spp., except

What form of anthrax is found among animal workers and has been called Woolsorter disease?

How can Nocardia spp. be presumptively identified?

Which of the following is true about Nocardia spp.?

What is the major virulence factor associated with Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae produces all the following diseases, except

What is the name of the Bacillus sp. that causes anthrax in cattle?

What is the name of the bacterium that plays an important role in the health of the female vaginal tract, protecting it against pathogens?

What is the name of the Nocardia sp. that most frequently causes a cutaneous infection?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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