Question 1

Some critics complain that since the rise of social cognitive theory

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism has become too dehumanizing. 
B)  people have been viewed as stimulus-response units. 
C)  behavioral theories aren't very behavioral anymore. 
D)  too much emphasis is placed on an individual's subjective view. 
A)  behaviorism has become too dehumanizing. 
B)  people have been viewed as stimulus-response units. 
C)  behavioral theories aren't very behavioral anymore. 
D)  too much emphasis is placed on an individual's subjective view.

Question 2

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure and vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  openness to experience 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  openness to experience

Question 3

The largely unconscious reactions used to protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt are

Accepted Answer

A)  coping mechanisms. 
B)  defense mechanisms. 
C)  offense mechanisms. 
D)  id mechanisms. 
A)  coping mechanisms. 
B)  defense mechanisms. 
C)  offense mechanisms. 
D)  id mechanisms.

Question 4

Humanistic personality theories focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual's freedom and potential for growth. 
B)  genetic factors. 
C)  unconscious mental forces. 
D)  learning. 
A)  an individual's freedom and potential for growth. 
B)  genetic factors. 
C)  unconscious mental forces. 
D)  learning.

Question 5

Which of the following is a common criticism of psychodynamic theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of testability 
B)  sex bias against men 
C)  a reliance on the use of clinical experiments 
D)  under-emphasis on the importance of early childhood experiences 
A)  lack of testability 
B)  sex bias against men 
C)  a reliance on the use of clinical experiments 
D)  under-emphasis on the importance of early childhood experiences

Question 6

The two aspects of an individual's behavior that are central to the concept of personality are

Accepted Answer

A)  appropriateness and typicalness. 
B)  appropriateness and distinctiveness. 
C)  consistency and typicalness. 
D)  consistency and distinctiveness. 
A)  appropriateness and typicalness. 
B)  appropriateness and distinctiveness. 
C)  consistency and typicalness. 
D)  consistency and distinctiveness.

Question 7

Alex's parents enforce strict rules and guidelines in an authoritarian manner. They also tend to be quite overprotective, and try to prevent Alex from having to deal with any unpleasant circumstances that might arise. Research based on Bandura's theory of personality development would suggest that Alex is likely to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-efficacy. 
B)  incongruence. 
C)  high self-efficacy. 
D)  an unresolved Oedipal conflict. 
A)  low self-efficacy. 
B)  incongruence. 
C)  high self-efficacy. 
D)  an unresolved Oedipal conflict.

Question 8

According to Jung, one's collective unconscious contains

Accepted Answer

A)  archetypes. 
B)  repressed or forgotten information. 
C)  ancestral memories. 
D)  the id and the superego. 
A)  archetypes. 
B)  repressed or forgotten information. 
C)  ancestral memories. 
D)  the id and the superego.

Question 9

Sarah is torn between the need to study for an exam and her desire to go out with her friends. She decides that she will go out later only if she completes her studying. This realistic decision reflects the functioning of Sarah's

Accepted Answer

A)  id. 
B)  ego. 
C)  superego. 
D)  unconscious. 
A)  id. 
B)  ego. 
C)  superego. 
D)  unconscious.

Question 10

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a huge list of personality traits compiled by Gordon Allport to ____ basic dimensions of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  five 
B)  ten 
C)  sixteen 
D)  twenty-seven 
A)  five 
B)  ten 
C)  sixteen 
D)  twenty-seven

Question 11

Janelle is suspicious and uncooperative. Her friends think she is a boastful person who is seldom sympathetic. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Janelle would probably score

Accepted Answer

A)  low in openness. 
B)  low in agreeableness. 
C)  high in neuroticism. 
D)  low in extraversion. 
A)  low in openness. 
B)  low in agreeableness. 
C)  high in neuroticism. 
D)  low in extraversion.

Question 12

Mary observes another's performance and says, "Gee, I think I can do that." Bandura calls this personal evaluation

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  self-concept. 
D)  self-appraisal. 
A)  self-efficacy. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  self-concept. 
D)  self-appraisal.

Question 13

According to Carl Rogers, if your self-concept is reasonably accurate, it is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  congruent with reality. 
B)  self-actualized. 
C)  extraverted. 
D)  valid. 
A)  congruent with reality. 
B)  self-actualized. 
C)  extraverted. 
D)  valid.

Question 14

According to Rogers, experiences that threaten a person's self-concept often result in the person experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  a reevaluation of their self-concept. 
B)  self-actualization. 
C)  depression. 
D)  anxiety. 
A)  a reevaluation of their self-concept. 
B)  self-actualization. 
C)  depression. 
D)  anxiety.

Question 15

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious. 
B)  superego. 
C)  ego. 
D)  id. 
A)  conscious. 
B)  superego. 
C)  ego. 
D)  id.

Question 16

Giving self-justifying plausible excuses that hide the real reasons for our behavior defines the defense mechanism known as

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  projection. 
D)  rationalization. 
A)  regression. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  projection. 
D)  rationalization.

Question 17

Juan used to be a fairly generous individual, but it seemed that whenever he loaned things to people, they were never returned, or they were returned broken. Consequently, Juan is no longer generous. Based on principles of operant conditioning, Juan's lack of generosity is MOST likely a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  extinction. 
A)  punishment. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  extinction.

Question 18

In an emergency, we would all react differently from one another because we all have different personalities and experiences. This quality of personality is called

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency. 
B)  differentiation. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  distinctiveness. 
A)  consistency. 
B)  differentiation. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  distinctiveness.

Question 19

Todd was physically abused up until the age of eight. He is now 40 years old and he has absolutely no memories of the early abuse that he experienced. According to Freud, Todd may be unconsciously dealing with the potential anxiety related to his abuse using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)  projection. 
B)  repression. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  regression. 
A)  projection. 
B)  repression. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  regression.

Question 20

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, and assertive.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  openness to experience 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  openness to experience

Exam 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Some critics complain that since the rise of social cognitive theory

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure and vulnerable.

The largely unconscious reactions used to protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt are

Humanistic personality theories focus on

Which of the following is a common criticism of psychodynamic theories of personality?

The two aspects of an individual's behavior that are central to the concept of personality are

According to Jung, one's collective unconscious contains

Sarah is torn between the need to study for an exam and her desire to go out with her friends. She decides that she will go out later only if she completes her studying. This realistic decision reflects the functioning of Sarah's

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a huge list of personality traits compiled by Gordon Allport to ____ basic dimensions of personality.

Janelle is suspicious and uncooperative. Her friends think she is a boastful person who is seldom sympathetic. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Janelle would probably score

Mary observes another's performance and says, "Gee, I think I can do that." Bandura calls this personal evaluation

According to Carl Rogers, if your self-concept is reasonably accurate, it is said to be

According to Rogers, experiences that threaten a person's self-concept often result in the person experiencing

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

Giving self-justifying plausible excuses that hide the real reasons for our behavior defines the defense mechanism known as

Juan used to be a fairly generous individual, but it seemed that whenever he loaned things to people, they were never returned, or they were returned broken. Consequently, Juan is no longer generous. Based on principles of operant conditioning, Juan's lack of generosity is MOST likely a result of

In an emergency, we would all react differently from one another because we all have different personalities and experiences. This quality of personality is called

Todd was physically abused up until the age of eight. He is now 40 years old and he has absolutely no memories of the early abuse that he experienced. According to Freud, Todd may be unconsciously dealing with the potential anxiety related to his abuse using the defense mechanism of

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, and assertive.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

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