Question 1

Bandura extended Skinner's view of behaviorism to explain personality by adding an emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)  situational factors. 
B)  unconscious processes. 
C)  reinforcement. 
D)  cognitive processes. 
A)  situational factors. 
B)  unconscious processes. 
C)  reinforcement. 
D)  cognitive processes.

Question 2

Four-year-old Sam has erotically tinged desires for his mother and also feels hostility to his father. Freud would conclude that Sam is experiencing the

Accepted Answer

A)  Oedipal complex. 
B)  phallic complex. 
C)  identification complex. 
D)  genital complex. 
A)  Oedipal complex. 
B)  phallic complex. 
C)  identification complex. 
D)  genital complex.

Question 3

Carmen has always done well in her math courses and, even though she has never taken a statistics class before, she is confident she will do well in the statistics course she has signed up for next semester. In this example, Amy shows evidence of having

Accepted Answer

A)  high incongruence with respect to math. 
B)  high self-efficacy in math. 
C)  low self-efficacy in math. 
D)  a mathematical neurosis. 
A)  high incongruence with respect to math. 
B)  high self-efficacy in math. 
C)  low self-efficacy in math. 
D)  a mathematical neurosis.

Question 4

Jung termed emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning in a wide variety of cultures

Accepted Answer

A)  archetypes. 
B)  hierarchy fixtures. 
C)  phallic symbols. 
D)  subjective symbols. 
A)  archetypes. 
B)  hierarchy fixtures. 
C)  phallic symbols. 
D)  subjective symbols.

Question 5

John worries about his tendency toward abusing animals, so he joins the Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. John's behavior can be viewed as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation. 
B)  projection. 
C)  regression. 
D)  rationalization. 
A)  reaction formation. 
B)  projection. 
C)  regression. 
D)  rationalization.

Question 6

According to Alfred Adler, overcompensation may be found in those who

Accepted Answer

A)  have a superiority complex. 
B)  have an inferiority complex. 
C)  are fixated at one of the psychosexual stages. 
D)  have not been successful in the use of defense mechanisms. 
A)  have a superiority complex. 
B)  have an inferiority complex. 
C)  are fixated at one of the psychosexual stages. 
D)  have not been successful in the use of defense mechanisms.

Question 7

According to Jung, the ____ is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious 
B)  collective unconscious 
C)  universal unconscious 
D)  personal unconscious 
A)  unconscious 
B)  collective unconscious 
C)  universal unconscious 
D)  personal unconscious

Question 8

Which of the following traits is MOST associated with childhood temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness

Question 9

In Jung's theory, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning are called

Accepted Answer

A)  archetypes. 
B)  prototypes. 
C)  mandalas. 
D)  central memories. 
A)  archetypes. 
B)  prototypes. 
C)  mandalas. 
D)  central memories.

Question 10

Defense mechanisms combat feelings of anxiety and guilt

Accepted Answer

A)  through self-deception. 
B)  through rational problem solving. 
C)  by enhancing self-insight. 
D)  by making unconscious urges conscious. 
A)  through self-deception. 
B)  through rational problem solving. 
C)  by enhancing self-insight. 
D)  by making unconscious urges conscious.

Question 11

According to Freud's theory, the developmental periods that leave their mark on adult personality are

Accepted Answer

A)  defense mechanism stages. 
B)  fixation stages. 
C)  psychological stages. 
D)  psychosexual stages. 
A)  defense mechanism stages. 
B)  fixation stages. 
C)  psychological stages. 
D)  psychosexual stages.

Question 12

Graham is a 25 years old male who is extremely anxious about any type of sexual activity. According to Freud's view of personality development, this anxiety may have arisen from

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation at the genital stage of psychosexual development. 
B)  excessive punishment during his toilet training as a toddler. 
C)  improper weaning from the bottle when he was an infant. 
D)  an unresolved crisis during the latency stage of psychosexual development. 
A)  fixation at the genital stage of psychosexual development. 
B)  excessive punishment during his toilet training as a toddler. 
C)  improper weaning from the bottle when he was an infant. 
D)  an unresolved crisis during the latency stage of psychosexual development.

Question 13

____ is a statistical procedure used by researchers to identify closely related clusters of variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi-square 
B)  Factor analysis 
C)  Deviation analysis 
D)  Analysis of variance 
A)  Chi-square 
B)  Factor analysis 
C)  Deviation analysis 
D)  Analysis of variance

Question 14

Camilla thinks of herself as a shy person who is often anxious in social settings, however her friends would describe her as outgoing and relaxed. According to Carl Rogers, Camilla is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  experience congruence. 
B)  be high in self-efficacy. 
C)  experience incongruence. 
D)  be low in self-monitoring. 
A)  experience congruence. 
B)  be high in self-efficacy. 
C)  experience incongruence. 
D)  be low in self-monitoring.

Question 15

Since John is very friendly and outgoing, consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  Adler's theory, John is an extravert. 
B)  Jung's theory, John is an extravert. 
C)  Adler's theory, John is an introvert. 
D)  Jung's theory, John is an introvert. 
A)  Adler's theory, John is an extravert. 
B)  Jung's theory, John is an extravert. 
C)  Adler's theory, John is an introvert. 
D)  Jung's theory, John is an introvert.

Question 16

Eric is a careful driver. He usually obeys the speed limit and abides by all traffic regulations. Today, however, as he is driving to Florida with some friends for spring break, he is driving 25 mph over the speed limit. Which personality theorist would be BEST able to explain this inconsistency in Eric's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Jung 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  Abraham Maslow 
D)  Walter Mischel 
A)  Carl Jung 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  Abraham Maslow 
D)  Walter Mischel

Question 17

The belief a person has about his ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  self-appraisal. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-concept. 
A)  self-appraisal. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-concept.

Question 18

Ever since she was a teenager, Yolanda has always enjoyed success at finding good jobs. According to research on Bandura's theory, you would assume Alonzo:

Accepted Answer

A)  has successfully resolved her Elektra complex 
B)  has an unresolved Elektra complex 
C)  is low in self-efficacy 
D)  is high in self-efficacy 
A)  has successfully resolved her Elektra complex 
B)  has an unresolved Elektra complex 
C)  is low in self-efficacy 
D)  is high in self-efficacy

Question 19

Mischel would explain an individual's behavior by focusing on

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  personality traits. 
C)  the individual's self-concept. 
D)  situational factors. 
A)  observational learning. 
B)  personality traits. 
C)  the individual's self-concept. 
D)  situational factors.

Question 20

While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by that person is unique. This relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  appropriateness 
B)  distinctiveness 
C)  consistency 
D)  variableness 
A)  appropriateness 
B)  distinctiveness 
C)  consistency 
D)  variableness

Exam 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Bandura extended Skinner's view of behaviorism to explain personality by adding an emphasis on

Four-year-old Sam has erotically tinged desires for his mother and also feels hostility to his father. Freud would conclude that Sam is experiencing the

Carmen has always done well in her math courses and, even though she has never taken a statistics class before, she is confident she will do well in the statistics course she has signed up for next semester. In this example, Amy shows evidence of having

Jung termed emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning in a wide variety of cultures

John worries about his tendency toward abusing animals, so he joins the Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. John's behavior can be viewed as an example of

According to Alfred Adler, overcompensation may be found in those who

According to Jung, the ____ is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past.

Which of the following traits is MOST associated with childhood temperament?

In Jung's theory, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning are called

Defense mechanisms combat feelings of anxiety and guilt

According to Freud's theory, the developmental periods that leave their mark on adult personality are

Graham is a 25 years old male who is extremely anxious about any type of sexual activity. According to Freud's view of personality development, this anxiety may have arisen from

____ is a statistical procedure used by researchers to identify closely related clusters of variables.

Camilla thinks of herself as a shy person who is often anxious in social settings, however her friends would describe her as outgoing and relaxed. According to Carl Rogers, Camilla is likely to

Since John is very friendly and outgoing, consistent with

The belief a person has about his ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is termed

Ever since she was a teenager, Yolanda has always enjoyed success at finding good jobs. According to research on Bandura's theory, you would assume Alonzo:

Mischel would explain an individual's behavior by focusing on

While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by that person is unique. This relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

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