Question 1

Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a humanist?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are rational. 
B)  People are dominated by unconscious conflicts. 
C)  People can rise above their animal heritage. 
D)  People are unique. 
A)  People are rational. 
B)  People are dominated by unconscious conflicts. 
C)  People can rise above their animal heritage. 
D)  People are unique.

Question 2

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Accepted Answer

A)  genital sexual impulses. 
B)  any pleasure-giving urge. 
C)  general sexual feelings. 
D)  none of these things. 
A)  genital sexual impulses. 
B)  any pleasure-giving urge. 
C)  general sexual feelings. 
D)  none of these things.

Question 3

The self or self-concept is the central focus of

Accepted Answer

A)  Roger's person-centered theory. 
B)  Maslow's theory of self-actualization. 
C)  Adler's individual psychology. 
D)  Bandura's social cognitive theory. 
A)  Roger's person-centered theory. 
B)  Maslow's theory of self-actualization. 
C)  Adler's individual psychology. 
D)  Bandura's social cognitive theory.

Question 4

According to Freud, a basic defense mechanism that protects a person from anxiety by keeping distressing thoughts and feelings out of the conscious mind is

Accepted Answer

A)  repression. 
B)  regression. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  projection. 
A)  repression. 
B)  regression. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  projection.

Question 5

Research on the influence of birth order on personality can be traced to which of the following theorists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred Adler 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Carl Jung 
D)  John Watson 
A)  Alfred Adler 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Carl Jung 
D)  John Watson

Question 6

Thomas describes himself as an open and relaxed individual, but people who know him well would describe Thomas as secretive and tense. According to Carl Rogers, Thomas is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  experience incongruence. 
B)  be low in self-monitoring. 
C)  experience congruence. 
D)  be low in self-efficacy. 
A)  experience incongruence. 
B)  be low in self-monitoring. 
C)  experience congruence. 
D)  be low in self-efficacy.

Question 7

Having a rather poor sense of self worth, Bruce attempts to make himself feel important by driving a European sports car, belonging to an exclusive tennis club, and eating at the best restaurants. Bruce may be using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalization. 
B)  identification. 
C)  projection. 
D)  displacement. 
A)  rationalization. 
B)  identification. 
C)  projection. 
D)  displacement.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions of the psychodynamic theories of personality that has obtained considerable acceptance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unconscious forces can influence behavior. 
B)  Early childhood experiences can influence adult personality. 
C)  Sexual and aggressive impulses are the driving force of behavior. 
D)  Internal conflict can play a key role in generating psychological distress. 
A)  Unconscious forces can influence behavior. 
B)  Early childhood experiences can influence adult personality. 
C)  Sexual and aggressive impulses are the driving force of behavior. 
D)  Internal conflict can play a key role in generating psychological distress.

Question 9

Having performed poorly on an exam, Barbara attempts to protect her feelings of self-worth by telling herself that it does not matter because the course really is not that important to her. Barbara is probably

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalizing. 
B)  displacing. 
C)  fantasizing. 
D)  using identification. 
A)  rationalizing. 
B)  displacing. 
C)  fantasizing. 
D)  using identification.

Question 10

An individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  collectivism. 
B)  individualism. 
C)  personality. 
D)  an archetype. 
A)  collectivism. 
B)  individualism. 
C)  personality. 
D)  an archetype.

Question 11

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be least likely to rely on animal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral approach. 
B)  cognitive approach. 
C)  humanistic approach. 
D)  biological approach. 
A)  behavioral approach. 
B)  cognitive approach. 
C)  humanistic approach. 
D)  biological approach.

Question 12

The idea that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviors all influence one another is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  archetypes. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  introversion-extraversion. 
A)  archetypes. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  introversion-extraversion.

Question 13

One of the major points Mischel makes about personality is that

Accepted Answer

A)  people behave more consistently across situations than we have thought. 
B)  many personal traits are genetically determined. 
C)  the idea of traits is fundamental to understanding personality. 
D)  people are much less consistent across situations than most theorists have assumed. 
A)  people behave more consistently across situations than we have thought. 
B)  many personal traits are genetically determined. 
C)  the idea of traits is fundamental to understanding personality. 
D)  people are much less consistent across situations than most theorists have assumed.

Question 14

Hal is fearful of men who are friendly toward him, convinced that they are all homosexuals attempting to seduce him. Should it be the case that Hal is himself a latent homosexual, fearful of admitting this even to himself, we might conclude that he is using the defense mechanisms of repression and

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation. 
B)  projection. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  regression. 
A)  reaction formation. 
B)  projection. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  regression.

Question 15

Mark has been unsuccessful in using compensation to help him master life's challenges; according to Adler's theory Mark may exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)  an archetype. 
B)  an Oedipal complex. 
C)  a superiority complex. 
D)  an inferiority complex. 
A)  an archetype. 
B)  an Oedipal complex. 
C)  a superiority complex. 
D)  an inferiority complex.

Question 16

Which theoretical perspective assumes that one has to appreciate individuals' personal, subjective experience to truly understand their behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral approach 
B)  cognitive approach 
C)  phenomenological approach 
D)  biological approach 
A)  behavioral approach 
B)  cognitive approach 
C)  phenomenological approach 
D)  biological approach

Question 17

Meagan is strongly attracted to one of the men that she works with. However, her coworker is married. To deal with the anxiety that her feelings have generated, she has unconsciously convinced herself that her coworker is attracted to her. According to Freud, Meagan may be unconsciously dealing with the anxiety caused by her feelings toward her coworker using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)  repression. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  projection. 
D)  identification. 
A)  repression. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  projection. 
D)  identification.

Question 18

Bandura is to person as Mischel is to

Accepted Answer

A)  overt behavior. 
B)  situation. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
A)  overt behavior. 
B)  situation. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 19

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  genital complex. 
B)  latency complex. 
C)  Oedipal complex. 
D)  Electra complex. 
A)  genital complex. 
B)  latency complex. 
C)  Oedipal complex. 
D)  Electra complex.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the text's definition of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a focus on an individual's "consistent tendencies" 
B)  a focus on an individual's "uniqueness or distinctiveness" 
C)  a focus on an individual's "main motivations" 
D)  a focus on an individual's "behavioral traits" 
A)  a focus on an individual's "consistent tendencies" 
B)  a focus on an individual's "uniqueness or distinctiveness" 
C)  a focus on an individual's "main motivations" 
D)  a focus on an individual's "behavioral traits"

Exam 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a humanist?

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

The self or self-concept is the central focus of

According to Freud, a basic defense mechanism that protects a person from anxiety by keeping distressing thoughts and feelings out of the conscious mind is

Research on the influence of birth order on personality can be traced to which of the following theorists?

Thomas describes himself as an open and relaxed individual, but people who know him well would describe Thomas as secretive and tense. According to Carl Rogers, Thomas is likely to

Having a rather poor sense of self worth, Bruce attempts to make himself feel important by driving a European sports car, belonging to an exclusive tennis club, and eating at the best restaurants. Bruce may be using the defense mechanism of

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions of the psychodynamic theories of personality that has obtained considerable acceptance?

Having performed poorly on an exam, Barbara attempts to protect her feelings of self-worth by telling herself that it does not matter because the course really is not that important to her. Barbara is probably

An individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits is known as

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be least likely to rely on animal research?

The idea that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviors all influence one another is termed

One of the major points Mischel makes about personality is that

Hal is fearful of men who are friendly toward him, convinced that they are all homosexuals attempting to seduce him. Should it be the case that Hal is himself a latent homosexual, fearful of admitting this even to himself, we might conclude that he is using the defense mechanisms of repression and

Mark has been unsuccessful in using compensation to help him master life's challenges; according to Adler's theory Mark may exhibit

Which theoretical perspective assumes that one has to appreciate individuals' personal, subjective experience to truly understand their behavior?

Bandura is to person as Mischel is to

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father illustrates the

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the text's definition of personality?

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

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