Question 1

During the latency stage, children

Accepted Answer

A)  attempt to cope with the desires they have for their same-sex parent. 
B)  begin to focus their sexual energy on their opposite-sex peers. 
C)  turn their biological urges loose. 
D)  begin to expand their social contacts beyond the immediate family. 
A)  attempt to cope with the desires they have for their same-sex parent. 
B)  begin to focus their sexual energy on their opposite-sex peers. 
C)  turn their biological urges loose. 
D)  begin to expand their social contacts beyond the immediate family.

Question 2

Vanessa bites her nails so badly that they bleed, but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this. According to Freud, Vanessa's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the

Accepted Answer

A)  oral stage of development. 
B)  phallic stage of development. 
C)  anal stage of development. 
D)  latency stage of development. 
A)  oral stage of development. 
B)  phallic stage of development. 
C)  anal stage of development. 
D)  latency stage of development.

Question 3

In explaining an individual's aggressiveness, Skinner would look for

Accepted Answer

A)  feelings of repressed hostility. 
B)  an inadequate sense of self-worth. 
C)  early learning experiences and reinforcement history. 
D)  instinctual explanations. 
A)  feelings of repressed hostility. 
B)  an inadequate sense of self-worth. 
C)  early learning experiences and reinforcement history. 
D)  instinctual explanations.

Question 4

According to Freud, unresolved unconscious conflicts often produce

Accepted Answer

A)  pleasure. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  archetypes. 
D)  anxiety. 
A)  pleasure. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  archetypes. 
D)  anxiety.

Question 5

Freud's contemporaries were uncomfortable with his theory for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT his argument that

Accepted Answer

A)  people's behavior is governed by unconscious factors of which they are unaware. 
B)  individuals are masters of their own minds. 
C)  adult personalities are shaped by childhood experierences and other factors beyond their control. 
D)  he emphasized how people cope with their sexual urges. 
A)  people's behavior is governed by unconscious factors of which they are unaware. 
B)  individuals are masters of their own minds. 
C)  adult personalities are shaped by childhood experierences and other factors beyond their control. 
D)  he emphasized how people cope with their sexual urges.

Question 6

Skye is five years old, and two weeks ago her mother had a baby boy. Since her brother was brought home, Skye has insisted on drinking all her juice from baby bottles, and she has started wetting her bed. According to Freud, Skye may be unconsciously dealing with her feelings toward her new brother using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  projection. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  repression. 
A)  regression. 
B)  projection. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  repression.

Question 7

When anthropologists compare ancient artifacts from South America, Europe, and Australia they often find similarities among the images that are depicted. Based on Jung's analytical psychology, some of these apparent similarities may stem from

Accepted Answer

A)  the preconscious. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  manifest consciousness. 
D)  the collective unconscious. 
A)  the preconscious. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  manifest consciousness. 
D)  the collective unconscious.

Question 8

Jung is to collective archetypes as Adler is to

Accepted Answer

A)  compensation. 
B)  personal unconscious. 
C)  collective unconscious. 
D)  introversion. 
A)  compensation. 
B)  personal unconscious. 
C)  collective unconscious. 
D)  introversion.

Question 9

Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality focuses on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  methods used to cope with sexual and aggressive urges. 
B)  the potential for personal growth. 
C)  the influence of childhood experiences. 
D)  unconscious motives and conflicts. 
A)  methods used to cope with sexual and aggressive urges. 
B)  the potential for personal growth. 
C)  the influence of childhood experiences. 
D)  unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 10

Luke believes it is impossible for him to do well in his calculus class, consequently he seldom spends very much time studying for that course. His lack of preparation for the exams has resulted in poor grades in the course. His low grades have strengthened his belief that he lacks the ability to succeed in the class. This interaction between Luke's beliefs, his behavior, and his environment illustrates the concept that Albert Bandura referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  unconditioned reinforcement. 
D)  overcompensation. 
A)  reaction formation. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  unconditioned reinforcement. 
D)  overcompensation.

Question 11

Freud believed that smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  genital 
B)  oral 
C)  anal 
D)  phallic 
A)  genital 
B)  oral 
C)  anal 
D)  phallic

Question 12

Rashad thinks of himself as an outgoing, sociable person. All his friends would agree; most of them think he is one of the most friendly, upbeat people they have ever met. According to Carl Rogers, Rashad is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  experience congruence. 
B)  be high in self-efficacy. 
C)  experience incongruence. 
D)  be high in self-monitoring. 
A)  experience congruence. 
B)  be high in self-efficacy. 
C)  experience incongruence. 
D)  be high in self-monitoring.

Question 13

Which of the following traits is MOST likely to be associated with high levels of productivity in a job setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness

Question 14

According to Adler, compensation

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes 
B)  involves bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group 
C)  involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities 
D)  refers to largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions 
A)  refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes 
B)  involves bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group 
C)  involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities 
D)  refers to largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions

Question 15

Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticized for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic approach 
B)  behavioral approach 
C)  cognitive approach 
D)  humanistic approach 
A)  psychoanalytic approach 
B)  behavioral approach 
C)  cognitive approach 
D)  humanistic approach

Question 16

Under stress, a college student cries and throws things. The behavior of the student is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  immaturity. 
A)  regression. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  immaturity.

Question 17

Cari often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can't have her own way. She often behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can't have the things that she wants immediately. According to Freud's view of the personality, Cari's personality appears to be dominated by

Accepted Answer

A)  her ego. 
B)  her id. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  her superego. 
A)  her ego. 
B)  her id. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  her superego.

Question 18

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ tend to be diligent, disciplined, well organized, and punctual.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness

Question 19

Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the ____, the basic operating theme of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reality principle; id 
B)  reality principle; ego 
C)  pleasure principle; id 
D)  pleasure principle; ego 
A)  reality principle; id 
B)  reality principle; ego 
C)  pleasure principle; id 
D)  pleasure principle; ego

Question 20

Skinner is to overt behavior as Mischel is to

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal determinism. 
B)  situational factors. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
A)  reciprocal determinism. 
B)  situational factors. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Exam 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

During the latency stage, children

Vanessa bites her nails so badly that they bleed, but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this. According to Freud, Vanessa's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the

In explaining an individual's aggressiveness, Skinner would look for

According to Freud, unresolved unconscious conflicts often produce

Freud's contemporaries were uncomfortable with his theory for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT his argument that

When anthropologists compare ancient artifacts from South America, Europe, and Australia they often find similarities among the images that are depicted. Based on Jung's analytical psychology, some of these apparent similarities may stem from

Jung is to collective archetypes as Adler is to

Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality focuses on all of the following EXCEPT

Freud believed that smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the ____ stage.

Rashad thinks of himself as an outgoing, sociable person. All his friends would agree; most of them think he is one of the most friendly, upbeat people they have ever met. According to Carl Rogers, Rashad is likely to

Which of the following traits is MOST likely to be associated with high levels of productivity in a job setting?

According to Adler, compensation

Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticized for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?

Under stress, a college student cries and throws things. The behavior of the student is an example of

Cari often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can't have her own way. She often behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can't have the things that she wants immediately. According to Freud's view of the personality, Cari's personality appears to be dominated by

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ tend to be diligent, disciplined, well organized, and punctual.

Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the ____, the basic operating theme of the ____.

Skinner is to overt behavior as Mischel is to

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

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Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

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Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the , the basic operating theme of the .