Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic styles of temperament described by Thomas and Chess?

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up 
B)  anxious 
C)  difficult 
D)  easy 
A)  slow-to-warm-up 
B)  anxious 
C)  difficult 
D)  easy B

Question 2

In Mrs. Zalinsky's first grade class she has fifth grade students come in and read with her students to allow them to gradually increase their reading competence. Which theorist has most likely influenced Mrs. Zalinsly's teaching practices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Piaget 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Lawrence Kolhberg 
A)  Jean Piaget 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Lawrence Kolhberg C

Question 3

Michael and his twin sister Doreen turned 12 a few months ago. Both Michael and Doreen have begun to go through the early signs of puberty. In this case, it is MOST likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  compared to Doreen, Michael is at greater risk for using drugs or alcohol because he is maturing early. 
B)  compared to Michael, Doreen is at greater risk for earlier onset of sexual intercourse because she is maturing early. 
C)  neither Michael nor Doreen are at risk for using drugs or alcohol because they are both maturing early. 
D)  compared to Doreen, Michael is at lower risk for using drugs or alcohol because he is maturing early. 
A)  compared to Doreen, Michael is at greater risk for using drugs or alcohol because he is maturing early. 
B)  compared to Michael, Doreen is at greater risk for earlier onset of sexual intercourse because she is maturing early. 
C)  neither Michael nor Doreen are at risk for using drugs or alcohol because they are both maturing early. 
D)  compared to Doreen, Michael is at lower risk for using drugs or alcohol because he is maturing early. B

Question 4

When differences between age groups are due to the groups growing up in different time periods, this is a

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional effect. 
B)  longitudinal effect. 
C)  cohort effect. 
D)  time of testing effect. 
A)  cross-sectional effect. 
B)  longitudinal effect. 
C)  cohort effect. 
D)  time of testing effect.

Question 5

Unlike Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky emphasizes that

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive development is a universal process that unfolds in largely the same way for most individuals. 
B)  social interactions and culture strongly influence the cognitive development of a child. 
C)  language does not play a crucial role in cognitive development. 
D)  a child's active exploration of the world strongly influences cognitive development. 
A)  cognitive development is a universal process that unfolds in largely the same way for most individuals. 
B)  social interactions and culture strongly influence the cognitive development of a child. 
C)  language does not play a crucial role in cognitive development. 
D)  a child's active exploration of the world strongly influences cognitive development.

Question 6

The preoperational stage of cognitive development lasts from approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  birth to age 2. 
B)  ages 2 to 7. 
C)  ages 7 to 11. 
D)  age 11 onward. 
A)  birth to age 2. 
B)  ages 2 to 7. 
C)  ages 7 to 11. 
D)  age 11 onward.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  he underestimated the influence of cultural factors 
B)  he does not adequately address the question of individual differences 
C)  he underestimated the role environmental factors have on cognitive development 
D)  he underestimated the abilities of young children 
A)  he underestimated the influence of cultural factors 
B)  he does not adequately address the question of individual differences 
C)  he underestimated the role environmental factors have on cognitive development 
D)  he underestimated the abilities of young children

Question 8

Severe maternal malnutrition increases the risk of

Accepted Answer

A)  heart defects and irritability. 
B)  birth complications and neurological defects. 
C)  mental retardation. 
D)  delayed motor and mental development. 
A)  heart defects and irritability. 
B)  birth complications and neurological defects. 
C)  mental retardation. 
D)  delayed motor and mental development.

Question 9

As children grow older and acquire specialized motor skills, which of the following becomes increasingly critical?

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation 
B)  experience 
C)  genetic predispositions 
D)  nutrition 
A)  maturation 
B)  experience 
C)  genetic predispositions 
D)  nutrition

Question 10

According to the ____ trend, you would expect your newborn niece to be able to raise her head when on her stomach before she can sit.

Accepted Answer

A)  maturational 
B)  developmental 
C)  cephalocaudal 
D)  proximodistal 
A)  maturational 
B)  developmental 
C)  cephalocaudal 
D)  proximodistal

Question 11

The embryonic stage of prenatal development is

Accepted Answer

A)  the first two weeks after conception. 
B)  from two weeks until the end of the second month after conception. 
C)  from two months after conception through birth. 
D)  the first three months after conception. 
A)  the first two weeks after conception. 
B)  from two weeks until the end of the second month after conception. 
C)  from two months after conception through birth. 
D)  the first three months after conception.

Question 12

The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant refers to the infant's

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment. 
B)  behavioral qualities. 
C)  personality. 
D)  temperament. 
A)  attachment. 
B)  behavioral qualities. 
C)  personality. 
D)  temperament.

Question 13

The embryonic stage of prenatal development refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of a zygote. 
B)  the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterine wall. 
C)  the second through eighth weeks of prenatal development. 
D)  the last seven months of the pregnancy. 
A)  the formation of a zygote. 
B)  the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterine wall. 
C)  the second through eighth weeks of prenatal development. 
D)  the last seven months of the pregnancy.

Question 14

The results of research on the stability of attachment can vary due to all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of attachment. 
B)  the way attachment is measured. 
C)  the nature of the sample. 
D)  the time interval examined. 
A)  the type of attachment. 
B)  the way attachment is measured. 
C)  the nature of the sample. 
D)  the time interval examined.

Question 15

Camille drank heavily during the first eight weeks of her pregnancy, but since that time she has abstained from all alcohol. It is MOST likely that Camille's baby will

Accepted Answer

A)  be unaffected by her drinking, because it occurred so early in the pregnancy. 
B)  have noticeable physical deformities, and an increased risk of mental retardation. 
C)  have noticeable physical deformities, but no risk of mental retardation. 
D)  have no physical deformities, but will have an increased risk of mental retardation. 
A)  be unaffected by her drinking, because it occurred so early in the pregnancy. 
B)  have noticeable physical deformities, and an increased risk of mental retardation. 
C)  have noticeable physical deformities, but no risk of mental retardation. 
D)  have no physical deformities, but will have an increased risk of mental retardation.

Question 16

According to Kohlberg, a person who believes that Heinz should steal the drug so his wife can live and cook him dinner is reasoning at the ____ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  concrete 
D)  postconventional 
A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  concrete 
D)  postconventional

Question 17

In the 1960s, even though most his friends tried recreational drugs, Sebastian refused to experiment with drugs. He did not think the drugs were likely to be harmful, but using the drugs was illegal, and he believes each person has a moral obligation to obey society's rules. Sebastian's reasons for NOT experimenting with drugs reflect

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional moral reasoning. 
B)  conventional moral reasoning. 
C)  postconventional moral reasoning. 
D)  social moral reasoning. 
A)  preconventional moral reasoning. 
B)  conventional moral reasoning. 
C)  postconventional moral reasoning. 
D)  social moral reasoning.

Question 18

Low birth weight has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of

Accepted Answer

A)  heart disease and diabetes 
B)  increased vulnerability to schizophrenia 
C)  mental retardation 
D)  delayed motor and mental development 
A)  heart disease and diabetes 
B)  increased vulnerability to schizophrenia 
C)  mental retardation 
D)  delayed motor and mental development

Question 19

In females, early maturation is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  deterioration of peer relations. 
B)  greater risk for eating disorders. 
C)  higher levels of moral reasoning. 
D)  less self control and emotional stability. 
A)  deterioration of peer relations. 
B)  greater risk for eating disorders. 
C)  higher levels of moral reasoning. 
D)  less self control and emotional stability.

Question 20

In learning to crawl, children initially depend on their arms to propel them and later shift to using their legs. This motor development sequence is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the cephalocaudal trend. 
B)  the proximodistal trend. 
C)  the cephalopedal trend. 
D)  encephalitis. 
A)  the cephalocaudal trend. 
B)  the proximodistal trend. 
C)  the cephalopedal trend. 
D)  encephalitis.

Exam 21: Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic styles of temperament described by Thomas and Chess?

In Mrs. Zalinsky's first grade class she has fifth grade students come in and read with her students to allow them to gradually increase their reading competence. Which theorist has most likely influenced Mrs. Zalinsly's teaching practices?

Michael and his twin sister Doreen turned 12 a few months ago. Both Michael and Doreen have begun to go through the early signs of puberty. In this case, it is MOST likely that

When differences between age groups are due to the groups growing up in different time periods, this is a

Unlike Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky emphasizes that

The preoperational stage of cognitive development lasts from approximately

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory?

Severe maternal malnutrition increases the risk of

As children grow older and acquire specialized motor skills, which of the following becomes increasingly critical?

According to the ____ trend, you would expect your newborn niece to be able to raise her head when on her stomach before she can sit.

The embryonic stage of prenatal development is

The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant refers to the infant's

The embryonic stage of prenatal development refers to

The results of research on the stability of attachment can vary due to all the following EXCEPT

Camille drank heavily during the first eight weeks of her pregnancy, but since that time she has abstained from all alcohol. It is MOST likely that Camille's baby will

According to Kohlberg, a person who believes that Heinz should steal the drug so his wife can live and cook him dinner is reasoning at the ____ level of moral development.

Low birth weight has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of

In females, early maturation is associated with

In learning to crawl, children initially depend on their arms to propel them and later shift to using their legs. This motor development sequence is an example of

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The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

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Human Memory Part 1

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Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

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