Question 1

The cell mass that develops from the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine wall during the ____ stage of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

A)  fertilization 
B)  fetal 
C)  embryonic 
D)  germinal 
A)  fertilization 
B)  fetal 
C)  embryonic 
D)  germinal

Question 2

Developing structures generally are most vulnerable to damage from environmental factors during the ____ of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

A)  germinal stage 
B)  embryonic stage 
C)  fetal stage 
D)  last two months 
A)  germinal stage 
B)  embryonic stage 
C)  fetal stage 
D)  last two months

Question 3

Criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget may have underestimated the cognitive skills of infants and preschool children. 
B)  Piaget may have underestimated the influence of cultural factors on cognitive development. 
C)  the theory focuses too much on individual differences in development. 
D)  the theory does not explain how developmental changes occur. 
A)  Piaget may have underestimated the cognitive skills of infants and preschool children. 
B)  Piaget may have underestimated the influence of cultural factors on cognitive development. 
C)  the theory focuses too much on individual differences in development. 
D)  the theory does not explain how developmental changes occur.

Question 4

Stage theories of development assume that

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals progress through specified stages in a particular order because each stage builds on the previous stage. 
B)  environmental circumstances can sometimes cause individuals to skip stages early on and return to them later. 
C)  progress through the sequence of stages is not related to age. 
D)  there are few, if any, discontinuities in development. 
A)  individuals progress through specified stages in a particular order because each stage builds on the previous stage. 
B)  environmental circumstances can sometimes cause individuals to skip stages early on and return to them later. 
C)  progress through the sequence of stages is not related to age. 
D)  there are few, if any, discontinuities in development.

Question 5

When Kohlberg presented moral dilemmas to individuals in order to evaluate their level of moral development, he placed the MOST emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the individual gave a "yes" or "no" response. 
B)  the level of confidence the individual had in his or her response. 
C)  the explanation the individual gave concerning the reason for his or her response. 
D)  the overt behaviors the individual showed when presented with a similar dilemma in real life. 
A)  whether the individual gave a "yes" or "no" response. 
B)  the level of confidence the individual had in his or her response. 
C)  the explanation the individual gave concerning the reason for his or her response. 
D)  the overt behaviors the individual showed when presented with a similar dilemma in real life.

Question 6

Shawn is concerned with how he compares to his peer group. For example, he is always trying to kick the football farther than his friends, and he constantly wonders if he is doing as well in school as the other boys in his second grade class. According to Erikson, Shawn is most likely in the stage of

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative versus guilt. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  identity versus role confusion. 
D)  industry versus inferiority. 
A)  initiative versus guilt. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  identity versus role confusion. 
D)  industry versus inferiority.

Question 7

The one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg is the

Accepted Answer

A)  embryo. 
B)  fetus. 
C)  baby. 
D)  zygote. 
A)  embryo. 
B)  fetus. 
C)  baby. 
D)  zygote.

Question 8

The approximately nine months of prenatal development occurs in three phases in the following sequence:

Accepted Answer

A)  embryonic, germinal, fetal 
B)  fertilization, germinal, fetal 
C)  germinal, embryonic, fetal 
D)  germinal, fetal, embryonic 
A)  embryonic, germinal, fetal 
B)  fertilization, germinal, fetal 
C)  germinal, embryonic, fetal 
D)  germinal, fetal, embryonic

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT occur during the final three months of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory and digestive systems mature 
B)  sex organs start to develop 
C)  brain cells multiply at a rapid rate 
D)  a layer of fat is deposited under the skin 
A)  respiratory and digestive systems mature 
B)  sex organs start to develop 
C)  brain cells multiply at a rapid rate 
D)  a layer of fat is deposited under the skin

Question 10

Erikson divided the life span into ____ stages associated with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  four; cognitive development 
B)  six; moral development 
C)  eight; psychosocial crises 
D)  eight; physical development 
A)  four; cognitive development 
B)  six; moral development 
C)  eight; psychosocial crises 
D)  eight; physical development

Question 11

Patricia is upset because she is convinced that her brother has a bigger piece of cake than she does. Her dad quickly slices Patricia's piece of cake in two and tells her that she now has "more" cake. If Patricia calms down and is convinced that she does have more cake than her brother, it would suggest that she

Accepted Answer

A)  has not yet mastered object permanence. 
B)  does not understand the process of assimilation. 
C)  does not yet understand conservation. 
D)  is displaying egocentric reasoning. 
A)  has not yet mastered object permanence. 
B)  does not understand the process of assimilation. 
C)  does not yet understand conservation. 
D)  is displaying egocentric reasoning.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  As long as the pregnant woman isn't physiologically addicted to alcohol, it doesn't matter how much she drinks. 
B)  Three drinks per day can be considered a safe level of alcohol consumption for most pregnant women. 
C)  Even normal social drinking by the expectant mother may be harmful to the fetus. 
D)  Alcohol consumption by the mother poses almost no risk to the developing fetus in the last three months of the pregnancy. 
A)  As long as the pregnant woman isn't physiologically addicted to alcohol, it doesn't matter how much she drinks. 
B)  Three drinks per day can be considered a safe level of alcohol consumption for most pregnant women. 
C)  Even normal social drinking by the expectant mother may be harmful to the fetus. 
D)  Alcohol consumption by the mother poses almost no risk to the developing fetus in the last three months of the pregnancy.

Question 13

Adolescence can be conceptualized as the time period during which individuals are "adults" in terms of their ____ development, but NOT in terms of their ____ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical; cognitive 
B)  physical; emotional 
C)  cognitive; emotional 
D)  emotional; cognitive 
A)  physical; cognitive 
B)  physical; emotional 
C)  cognitive; emotional 
D)  emotional; cognitive

Question 14

During which stage of development do the heart, spine, and brain emerge?

Accepted Answer

A)  post-natal 
B)  placental 
C)  fetal 
D)  embryonic 
A)  post-natal 
B)  placental 
C)  fetal 
D)  embryonic

Question 15

Your psychology professor tells you that he believes that children's cognitive development is fueled by social interactions with adults and older children who provide guidance to allow the child to gradually increase competence on the task. Which theorist does your professor's view most resemble?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Piaget 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Lawrence Kolhberg 
A)  Jean Piaget 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Lawrence Kolhberg

Question 16

When Sam's mother made him a grilled cheese sandwich for lunch, Sam complained that he wanted two sandwiches because he was super-hungry. After his mother cut his sandwich in half, Sam was satisfied that he would have enough to eat. Sam's behavior indicates that he does not understand ____ and is probably in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence; sensorimotor 
B)  object permanence; preoperational 
C)  conservation; preoperational 
D)  conservation; concrete operational 
A)  object permanence; sensorimotor 
B)  object permanence; preoperational 
C)  conservation; preoperational 
D)  conservation; concrete operational

Question 17

In the middle childhood years, the children who have the best social skills and the richest friendship networks tend to be children who

Accepted Answer

A)  had several siblings close to their own age. 
B)  had secure attachments during infancy. 
C)  started full-time day care before the age of two. 
D)  have no same-sexed siblings. 
A)  had several siblings close to their own age. 
B)  had secure attachments during infancy. 
C)  started full-time day care before the age of two. 
D)  have no same-sexed siblings.

Question 18

Children can first perform operations on images of tangible objects and actual events during the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 19

While research has demonstrated that infants understand many complex concepts, infants have NOT been shown to demonstrate knowledge concerning

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to add and subtract small numbers. 
B)  that objects roll down slopes rather than up slopes. 
C)  that objects which are less dense will float, while more dense objects will sink. 
D)  that objects cannot pass through an opening that is smaller than the object. 
A)  the ability to add and subtract small numbers. 
B)  that objects roll down slopes rather than up slopes. 
C)  that objects which are less dense will float, while more dense objects will sink. 
D)  that objects cannot pass through an opening that is smaller than the object.

Question 20

The elementary school-age child who does well in school and who receives praise and support at home will develop what Erikson calls a sense of

Accepted Answer

A)  industry. 
B)  superiority. 
C)  generativity. 
D)  trust. 
A)  industry. 
B)  superiority. 
C)  generativity. 
D)  trust.

Exam 21: Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

The cell mass that develops from the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine wall during the ____ stage of prenatal development.

Developing structures generally are most vulnerable to damage from environmental factors during the ____ of prenatal development.

Criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development include all of the following EXCEPT

Stage theories of development assume that

When Kohlberg presented moral dilemmas to individuals in order to evaluate their level of moral development, he placed the MOST emphasis on

The one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg is the

The approximately nine months of prenatal development occurs in three phases in the following sequence:

Which of the following does NOT occur during the final three months of prenatal development?

Erikson divided the life span into ____ stages associated with ____.

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Adolescence can be conceptualized as the time period during which individuals are "adults" in terms of their ____ development, but NOT in terms of their ____ development.

During which stage of development do the heart, spine, and brain emerge?

Your psychology professor tells you that he believes that children's cognitive development is fueled by social interactions with adults and older children who provide guidance to allow the child to gradually increase competence on the task. Which theorist does your professor's view most resemble?

In the middle childhood years, the children who have the best social skills and the richest friendship networks tend to be children who

Children can first perform operations on images of tangible objects and actual events during the ____ stage of cognitive development.

While research has demonstrated that infants understand many complex concepts, infants have NOT been shown to demonstrate knowledge concerning

The elementary school-age child who does well in school and who receives praise and support at home will develop what Erikson calls a sense of

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

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Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

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Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

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Social Behavior Part 2

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Erikson divided the life span into stages associated with .

Adolescence can be conceptualized as the time period during which individuals are "adults" in terms of their development, but NOT in terms of their development.