Question 1

The tendency to mold our interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out is called

Accepted Answer

A)  projection. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  the hindsight bias. 
D)  self-enhancement. 
A)  projection. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  the hindsight bias. 
D)  self-enhancement. C

Question 2

Behavioral genetics, the evolutionary approach, and Eysenck's theory all approach the study of personality from the

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific perspective. 
B)  psychodynamic perspective. 
C)  biological perspective. 
D)  behavioral perspective. 
A)  scientific perspective. 
B)  psychodynamic perspective. 
C)  biological perspective. 
D)  behavioral perspective. C

Question 3

On first learning about the different theoretical perspectives on personality, many people like the views of the humanistic theorists best. Why do you think this is? Are these reasons sound, scientific criteria for evaluating a theoretical perspective on personality?

Accepted Answer

Reasons for people preferring humanistic views will vary, though a common reason will probably be the humanistic emphasis on free will and choice. More important than the reasons students give for people's preferring humanistic notions are their views on the soundness of these reasons as scientific criteria for evaluating theories. Since the scientific approach places a premium on objectivity, one's merely "liking" the idea of free choice, for instance, should be recognized as an inadequate evaluative criterion. In a good answer, the student will separate preferences from sound, scientific criteria, and recognize that an evaluative argument should be based on the latter.

Question 4

Which of the following concepts did Carl Jung originate?

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  inferiority complex 
D)  introversion-extraversion 
A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  inferiority complex 
D)  introversion-extraversion

Question 5

A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus such as a picture or an inkblot is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report personality inventory. 
B)  projective test. 
C)  behavior rating. 
D)  deceptive test. 
A)  self-report personality inventory. 
B)  projective test. 
C)  behavior rating. 
D)  deceptive test.

Question 6

The evolutionary approach has been criticized because of methodological problems with heritability ratios.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a weakness associated with projective tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  deliberate deception 
B)  low reliability 
C)  cultural bias 
D)  inconsistent scoring 
A)  deliberate deception 
B)  low reliability 
C)  cultural bias 
D)  inconsistent scoring

Question 8

Mike has just lost a close friend to death and has begun thinking about his own death; as a result Mike is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  work less at defending his world-view. 
B)  suggest lighter penalties to moral transgressors. 
C)  respond more positively to people who criticize his country. 
D)  show more respect for cultural icons. 
A)  work less at defending his world-view. 
B)  suggest lighter penalties to moral transgressors. 
C)  respond more positively to people who criticize his country. 
D)  show more respect for cultural icons.

Question 9

What saves humans according to the Terror Management Theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  self actualization needs 
B)  observational learning 
C)  genetic heritage 
D)  culture 
A)  self actualization needs 
B)  observational learning 
C)  genetic heritage 
D)  culture

Question 10

A person who is social, outgoing, impulsive, overly energetic, and in some cases amoral is likely to score high on which of the following clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Accepted Answer

A)  hysteria 
B)  paranoia 
C)  hypomania 
D)  social introversion 
A)  hysteria 
B)  paranoia 
C)  hypomania 
D)  social introversion

Question 11

Terror management theory would predict that all of the following would occur in the United States after the terrorist attacks on 9/11 EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  expressions of patriotism would become elevated. 
B)  religious faith would increase dramatically. 
C)  people would become less tolerant of those who were different. 
D)  prejudice would decrease. 
A)  expressions of patriotism would become elevated. 
B)  religious faith would increase dramatically. 
C)  people would become less tolerant of those who were different. 
D)  prejudice would decrease.

Question 12

According to the terror management theory it is not surprising that patriotic fervor increased after the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York on 9/11 because

Accepted Answer

A)  mortality salience increased, leading people to work harder to defend their cultural world view. 
B)  mortality salience decreased, leading people to work harder to defend their cultural world view. 
C)  national self-esteem increased; creating an anxiety buffer that had to be overcome. 
D)  national self-esteem decreased; creating an anxiety buffer that had to be overcome. 
A)  mortality salience increased, leading people to work harder to defend their cultural world view. 
B)  mortality salience decreased, leading people to work harder to defend their cultural world view. 
C)  national self-esteem increased; creating an anxiety buffer that had to be overcome. 
D)  national self-esteem decreased; creating an anxiety buffer that had to be overcome.

Question 13

The ____ approach to personality suggests that the Big Five personality traits have significant adaptive implications.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary 
B)  behavioral 
C)  humanistic 
D)  social cognitive 
A)  evolutionary 
B)  behavioral 
C)  humanistic 
D)  social cognitive

Question 14

Online personality assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  has a bleak future 
B)  has no advantages over face-to-face testing 
C)  has disadvantages that are insurmountable 
D)  has disadvantages, but these appear to be manageable 
A)  has a bleak future 
B)  has no advantages over face-to-face testing 
C)  has disadvantages that are insurmountable 
D)  has disadvantages, but these appear to be manageable

Question 15

Which of the following personality theorists did not emphasize the influence of childhood experiences on adult personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Abraham Maslow 
C)  Carl Rogers 
D)  Alfred Adler 
A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Abraham Maslow 
C)  Carl Rogers 
D)  Alfred Adler

Question 16

Beatrix is planning a research study for her doctoral dissertation. As part of the study she wants to measure normal aspects of personality in each of the participants, using a measure that is objective and precise. The BEST measure for Beatrix to use would be the

Accepted Answer

A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). 
B)  NEO Personality Inventory. 
C)  Rorschach test. 
D)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). 
A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). 
B)  NEO Personality Inventory. 
C)  Rorschach test. 
D)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).

Question 17

According to Carl Rogers, people with highly ____________________ self-concepts are especially likely to be plagued by recurrent anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carl Rogers, people with highly...

Question 18

Discuss ways in which each of the major perspectives on personality has influenced some aspect of everyday life in modern society.

Accepted Answer

Answers should demonstrate sound underst

Question 19

Which of the following is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Efforts to divide behavior into genetic and environmental components are ultimately artificial. 
B)  The evidence suggests that genetic factors do not influence personality. 
C)  The evidence suggests that environmental factors do not influence personality. 
D)  It is only a matter of time before the complicated intertwining of nature and nurture will be understood. 
A)  Efforts to divide behavior into genetic and environmental components are ultimately artificial. 
B)  The evidence suggests that genetic factors do not influence personality. 
C)  The evidence suggests that environmental factors do not influence personality. 
D)  It is only a matter of time before the complicated intertwining of nature and nurture will be understood.

Question 20

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the need for

Accepted Answer

A)  affiliation. 
B)  achievement. 
C)  self-actualization. 
D)  power. 
A)  affiliation. 
B)  achievement. 
C)  self-actualization. 
D)  power.

Exam 24: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

The tendency to mold our interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out is called

Behavioral genetics, the evolutionary approach, and Eysenck's theory all approach the study of personality from the

On first learning about the different theoretical perspectives on personality, many people like the views of the humanistic theorists best. Why do you think this is? Are these reasons sound, scientific criteria for evaluating a theoretical perspective on personality?

Which of the following concepts did Carl Jung originate?

A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus such as a picture or an inkblot is called a

The evolutionary approach has been criticized because of methodological problems with heritability ratios.

Which of the following is NOT a weakness associated with projective tests?

Mike has just lost a close friend to death and has begun thinking about his own death; as a result Mike is likely to

What saves humans according to the Terror Management Theory?

A person who is social, outgoing, impulsive, overly energetic, and in some cases amoral is likely to score high on which of the following clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Terror management theory would predict that all of the following would occur in the United States after the terrorist attacks on 9/11 EXCEPT

According to the terror management theory it is not surprising that patriotic fervor increased after the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York on 9/11 because

The ____ approach to personality suggests that the Big Five personality traits have significant adaptive implications.

Online personality assessment?

Which of the following personality theorists did not emphasize the influence of childhood experiences on adult personality?

Beatrix is planning a research study for her doctoral dissertation. As part of the study she wants to measure normal aspects of personality in each of the participants, using a measure that is objective and precise. The BEST measure for Beatrix to use would be the

According to Carl Rogers, people with highly ____________________ self-concepts are especially likely to be plagued by recurrent anxiety.

Discuss ways in which each of the major perspectives on personality has influenced some aspect of everyday life in modern society.

Which of the following is MOST accurate?

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the need for

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Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

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