Question 1

Explain what is meant by a personality trait and describe the five-factor model of personality.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to an individual's un

Question 2

In order to identify clusters of closely related personality traits and the factors underlying them, Raymond Cattell used

Accepted Answer

A)  multifactorial averaging. 
B)  an analysis of variance. 
C)  factor analysis. 
D)  the normal distribution. 
A)  multifactorial averaging. 
B)  an analysis of variance. 
C)  factor analysis. 
D)  the normal distribution.

Question 3

How, according to Terror Management Theory, does culture solve the existential crisis created by awareness of death?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gives members a sense of being part of a enduring legacy by creating stories and traditions. 
B)  It provides people with a sense of personal self-worth. 
C)  It functions as an anxiety buffer. 
D)  It creates mortality salience by encouraging humans to think about their own death. 
A)  It gives members a sense of being part of a enduring legacy by creating stories and traditions. 
B)  It provides people with a sense of personal self-worth. 
C)  It functions as an anxiety buffer. 
D)  It creates mortality salience by encouraging humans to think about their own death.

Question 4

Your friend spends money like water. When you learn that he is from a poverty-stricken background, you attribute his spending patterns to his earlier deprivation. According to the critical thinking analysis, you are likely to do this because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the hindsight bias. 
B)  a self-serving attribution. 
C)  the consistency and distinctiveness of personality. 
D)  circular reasoning. 
A)  the hindsight bias. 
B)  a self-serving attribution. 
C)  the consistency and distinctiveness of personality. 
D)  circular reasoning.

Question 5

Largely guided by Freud's psychoanalytic theory the first attempts to research the connections between culture and personality was directed, unsuccessfully, at attempts to describe the culture's modal personality or national character empirical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Research on genes and personality indicates that the heritability estimates for personality traits are approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  just less than 15 percent. 
B)  between 25 and 30 percent. 
C)  between 40 and 60 percent. 
D)  just over 75 percent. 
A)  just less than 15 percent. 
B)  between 25 and 30 percent. 
C)  between 40 and 60 percent. 
D)  just over 75 percent.

Question 7

Janice was shown a series of cards with vague, ambiguous scenes and asked to describe what she thought was happening in each scene. Janice was given a(n) ____ test called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  objective; MMPI 
B)  projective; Rorschach 
C)  projective; TAT 
D)  subjective; 16PF 
A)  objective; MMPI 
B)  projective; Rorschach 
C)  projective; TAT 
D)  subjective; 16PF

Question 8

Your needs for social status and for respect and recognition from others reflect the ____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  esteem 
C)  aesthetic 
D)  love and belongingness 
A)  cognitive 
B)  esteem 
C)  aesthetic 
D)  love and belongingness

Question 9

Behavioral genetics research suggests that genetic blueprints shape the ____________________ of personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioral genetics research suggests that genetic blueprints...

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of personality scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  personnel selection 
B)  clinical diagnosis 
C)  college admissions 
D)  psychological research 
A)  personnel selection 
B)  clinical diagnosis 
C)  college admissions 
D)  psychological research

Question 11

One source of error associated with self-report inventories involves the tendency of individuals to answer questions in a way that reflects "wishful thinking" or

Accepted Answer

A)  response sets. 
B)  the social desirability bias. 
C)  the hindsight bias. 
D)  deliberate deception. 
A)  response sets. 
B)  the social desirability bias. 
C)  the hindsight bias. 
D)  deliberate deception.

Question 12

Both behavioral and humanistic theories of personality have been criticized for being too deterministic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Research on national character using the Big Fived personality traits found that

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects displayed considerable disagreement concerning what was typical of their culture. 
B)  subjects displayed considerable agreement concerning what was typical of their culture. 
C)  people's beliefs about national character were fueled by egalitarian principles. 
D)  people's beliefs about national character were fueled by unconscious impulses. 
A)  subjects displayed considerable disagreement concerning what was typical of their culture. 
B)  subjects displayed considerable agreement concerning what was typical of their culture. 
C)  people's beliefs about national character were fueled by egalitarian principles. 
D)  people's beliefs about national character were fueled by unconscious impulses.

Question 14

How is Hans Eysenck's theory similar to behavioral theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both theories examine the roles of the introversion-extroversion trait dimension 
B)  Both theories focus on the role of the unconscious on behavior 
C)  Both theories argue that conditioning influences the development of personality 
D)  Both theories use a trait approach 
A)  Both theories examine the roles of the introversion-extroversion trait dimension 
B)  Both theories focus on the role of the unconscious on behavior 
C)  Both theories argue that conditioning influences the development of personality 
D)  Both theories use a trait approach

Question 15

The American cultural conception of self results in children

Accepted Answer

A)  developing an independent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of the groups they belong to. 
B)  developing an independent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of personal attributes. 
C)  developing an interdependent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of the groups they belong to. 
D)  developing an interdependent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of personal attributes. 
A)  developing an independent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of the groups they belong to. 
B)  developing an independent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of personal attributes. 
C)  developing an interdependent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of the groups they belong to. 
D)  developing an interdependent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of personal attributes.

Question 16

Which of the following is entirely unconscious, according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  the id 
B)  the ego 
C)  the superego 
D)  the archetype 
A)  the id 
B)  the ego 
C)  the superego 
D)  the archetype

Question 17

The unifying theme in psychology that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context is reflected by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic personality theories developed, in part, as a reaction to the psychodynamic and behavioral theories 
B)  a number of theories have attempted to identify basic personality traits 
C)  Freud's emphasis on sexuality was influenced by the Victorian climate of sexual repression 
D)  a number of personality theories have had an impact on child-rearing practices 
A)  humanistic personality theories developed, in part, as a reaction to the psychodynamic and behavioral theories 
B)  a number of theories have attempted to identify basic personality traits 
C)  Freud's emphasis on sexuality was influenced by the Victorian climate of sexual repression 
D)  a number of personality theories have had an impact on child-rearing practices

Question 18

Psychodynamic theories have been criticized for their lack of empirical evidence and poor testability. Are there some of Freud's, Jung's, and Adler's ideas that would be easier to test than others? How might you go about designing research studies to test some of these ideas?

Accepted Answer

Answers should reveal students' understa

Question 19

Carl Jung proposed the existence of the ____________________, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; while Alfred Adler emphasizes how people strive for ____________________ to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.

Accepted Answer

collective

Question 20

According to the evolutionary approach to personality, humans have evolved special sensitivity to variations in the ability to bond with others, which is closely associated with which of the following Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness

Exam 24: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Explain what is meant by a personality trait and describe the five-factor model of personality.

In order to identify clusters of closely related personality traits and the factors underlying them, Raymond Cattell used

How, according to Terror Management Theory, does culture solve the existential crisis created by awareness of death?

Your friend spends money like water. When you learn that he is from a poverty-stricken background, you attribute his spending patterns to his earlier deprivation. According to the critical thinking analysis, you are likely to do this because of

Largely guided by Freud's psychoanalytic theory the first attempts to research the connections between culture and personality was directed, unsuccessfully, at attempts to describe the culture's modal personality or national character empirical.

Research on genes and personality indicates that the heritability estimates for personality traits are approximately

Janice was shown a series of cards with vague, ambiguous scenes and asked to describe what she thought was happening in each scene. Janice was given a(n) ____ test called the ____.

Your needs for social status and for respect and recognition from others reflect the ____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Behavioral genetics research suggests that genetic blueprints shape the ____________________ of personality.

Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of personality scales?

One source of error associated with self-report inventories involves the tendency of individuals to answer questions in a way that reflects "wishful thinking" or

Both behavioral and humanistic theories of personality have been criticized for being too deterministic.

Research on national character using the Big Fived personality traits found that

How is Hans Eysenck's theory similar to behavioral theory?

The American cultural conception of self results in children

Which of the following is entirely unconscious, according to Freud?

The unifying theme in psychology that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context is reflected by all of the following EXCEPT

Psychodynamic theories have been criticized for their lack of empirical evidence and poor testability. Are there some of Freud's, Jung's, and Adler's ideas that would be easier to test than others? How might you go about designing research studies to test some of these ideas?

Carl Jung proposed the existence of the ____________________, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; while Alfred Adler emphasizes how people strive for ____________________ to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.

According to the evolutionary approach to personality, humans have evolved special sensitivity to variations in the ability to bond with others, which is closely associated with which of the following Big Five personality traits?

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

Filters

Janice was shown a series of cards with vague, ambiguous scenes and asked to describe what she thought was happening in each scene. Janice was given a(n) test called the .

Carl Jung proposed the existence of the , a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; while Alfred Adler emphasizes how people strive for to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.