Question 1

Which of the following did Adler emphasize in his theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  striving for superiority 
B)  castration anxiety 
C)  introversion-extraversion 
D)  the collective unconscious 
A)  striving for superiority 
B)  castration anxiety 
C)  introversion-extraversion 
D)  the collective unconscious

Question 2

Goldenberg and his colleagues (2005) have found that increased mortality salience

Accepted Answer

A)  leads to an increase in some sexual urges. 
B)  leads to the suppression of some sexual urges. 
C)  enhances the value of positive reinforcement. 
D)  decreases the value of positive reinforcement. 
A)  leads to an increase in some sexual urges. 
B)  leads to the suppression of some sexual urges. 
C)  enhances the value of positive reinforcement. 
D)  decreases the value of positive reinforcement.

Question 3

Research in behavioral genetics has shown that identical twins reared apart often have similar personality traits. This result suggests that ____ contribute(s) to personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic inheritance 
B)  environmental factors 
C)  both genetic inheritance and environmental factors 
D)  neither genetic inheritance nor environmental factors 
A)  genetic inheritance 
B)  environmental factors 
C)  both genetic inheritance and environmental factors 
D)  neither genetic inheritance nor environmental factors

Question 4

Which theorist argues that experiences that threaten people's personal views of themselves are the principal cause of anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  Walter Mischel 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Carl Rogers 
D)  Abraham Maslow 
A)  Walter Mischel 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Carl Rogers 
D)  Abraham Maslow

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a major strength of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  the degree of standardization in administration and scoring 
B)  the difficulty in engaging in deliberate deception 
C)  the substantial evidence for their validity 
D)  the consistency of the scores provided 
A)  the degree of standardization in administration and scoring 
B)  the difficulty in engaging in deliberate deception 
C)  the substantial evidence for their validity 
D)  the consistency of the scores provided

Question 6

Carly was trapped in her basement when her neighborhood was rocked by an earthquake. She has enough food and water stored in the basement to last her for several weeks, but each time she feels an aftershock she is terrified that the remaining beams may fall and crush her. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Carly is most likely motivated by

Accepted Answer

A)  safety and security needs. 
B)  physiological needs. 
C)  homeostatic drives. 
D)  aesthetic needs. 
A)  safety and security needs. 
B)  physiological needs. 
C)  homeostatic drives. 
D)  aesthetic needs.

Question 7

Maslow describes people who have exceptionally healthy personalities marked by continued personal growth as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-accepting. 
B)  self-sufficient. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-actualizing. 
A)  self-accepting. 
B)  self-sufficient. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-actualizing.

Question 8

Psychologists include the concept of "distinctiveness" in their definition of personality to take into account individual differences in people's reactions to a given situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Briefly discuss how Skinner's principles of operant conditioning can be applied to the structure and development of personality and compare them to Bandura's social cognitive theory viewpoint.

Accepted Answer

Skinner's views on personality were simi

Question 10

According to Maslow, it is only after a person satisfies needs at any level reasonably well that the person becomes concerned with satisfying

Accepted Answer

A)  more basic needs. 
B)  needs at the next higher level. 
C)  needs at the next lower level. 
D)  self-actualization needs. 
A)  more basic needs. 
B)  needs at the next higher level. 
C)  needs at the next lower level. 
D)  self-actualization needs.

Question 11

Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the ____________________in determining behavior; he maintains that behavior is characterized more by ____________________ than consistency.

Accepted Answer

situation;

Question 12

In contrast to Bandura,
B.F. Skinner advocates the principle of reciprocal determinism. He argues that not only does the environment determine behavior; behavior determines the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Parents in Asian cultures are MOST likely to teach their children to

Accepted Answer

A)  be self-reliant. 
B)  rely on family and friends. 
C)  feel good about themselves. 
D)  view themselves as special individuals. 
A)  be self-reliant. 
B)  rely on family and friends. 
C)  feel good about themselves. 
D)  view themselves as special individuals.

Question 14

In the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____________________ tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the five-factor model of personality, people...

Question 15

Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on conscious motives and conflicts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Briefly describe the strengths and weaknesses of the behavioral approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral views are based on rigorous r

Question 17

____________________ leads people to assert "I knew it all along" and thanks to it people can almost always come up with plausible sounding explanations for known personality traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ leads people to assert "I knew...

Question 18

According to Hans Eysenck, ____________________ involves being anxious, tense, moody, and low in self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Hans Eysenck, ____________________ involves being...

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the major criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is too deterministic. 
B)  It is too optimistic about human nature. 
C)  It presents a fragmented view of personality. 
D)  It de-emphasizes the subjective nature of self-concept. 
A)  It is too deterministic. 
B)  It is too optimistic about human nature. 
C)  It presents a fragmented view of personality. 
D)  It de-emphasizes the subjective nature of self-concept.

Question 20

According to Hans Eysenck, ____ involves being egocentric, impulsive, cold, and antisocial.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  psychoticism 
C)  extraversion 
D)  introversion 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  psychoticism 
C)  extraversion 
D)  introversion

Exam 24: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Which of the following did Adler emphasize in his theory of personality?

Goldenberg and his colleagues (2005) have found that increased mortality salience

Research in behavioral genetics has shown that identical twins reared apart often have similar personality traits. This result suggests that ____ contribute(s) to personality.

Which theorist argues that experiences that threaten people's personal views of themselves are the principal cause of anxiety?

Which of the following is considered a major strength of projective tests?

Maslow describes people who have exceptionally healthy personalities marked by continued personal growth as

Psychologists include the concept of "distinctiveness" in their definition of personality to take into account individual differences in people's reactions to a given situation.

Briefly discuss how Skinner's principles of operant conditioning can be applied to the structure and development of personality and compare them to Bandura's social cognitive theory viewpoint.

According to Maslow, it is only after a person satisfies needs at any level reasonably well that the person becomes concerned with satisfying

Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the ____________________in determining behavior; he maintains that behavior is characterized more by ____________________ than consistency.

In contrast to Bandura, B.F. Skinner advocates the principle of reciprocal determinism. He argues that not only does the environment determine behavior; behavior determines the environment.

Parents in Asian cultures are MOST likely to teach their children to

In the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____________________ tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable.

Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on conscious motives and conflicts.

Briefly describe the strengths and weaknesses of the behavioral approach to personality.

____________________ leads people to assert "I knew it all along" and thanks to it people can almost always come up with plausible sounding explanations for known personality traits.

According to Hans Eysenck, ____________________ involves being anxious, tense, moody, and low in self-esteem.

Which of the following is one of the major criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality?

According to Hans Eysenck, ____ involves being egocentric, impulsive, cold, and antisocial.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

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Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the in determining behavior; he maintains that behavior is characterized more by than consistency.