Question 1

If an infant is temperamentally easy, what would be the best prediction to make about the child's temperament at age 10?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child is fairly likely to retain the easy temperament. 
B)  The child is likely to overcompensate by becoming "difficult" later on. 
C)  No reasonable prediction can be made. 
D)  By the age of 10, the child is likely to develop whatever temperament the primary caregiver has. 
A)  The child is fairly likely to retain the easy temperament. 
B)  The child is likely to overcompensate by becoming "difficult" later on. 
C)  No reasonable prediction can be made. 
D)  By the age of 10, the child is likely to develop whatever temperament the primary caregiver has.

Question 2

Which of the following has NOT decreased over generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  age at puberty for boys 
B)  age at puberty for girls 
C)  the age at which the growth spurt begins 
D)  the rate at which the growth spurt proceeds 
A)  age at puberty for boys 
B)  age at puberty for girls 
C)  the age at which the growth spurt begins 
D)  the rate at which the growth spurt proceeds

Question 3

The approximately nine months of prenatal development occurs in three phases in the following sequence:

Accepted Answer

A)  embryonic, germinal, fetal 
B)  fertilization, germinal, fetal 
C)  germinal, embryonic, fetal 
D)  germinal, fetal, embryonic 
A)  embryonic, germinal, fetal 
B)  fertilization, germinal, fetal 
C)  germinal, embryonic, fetal 
D)  germinal, fetal, embryonic

Question 4

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the results of research on day care?

Accepted Answer

A)  low-quality day care has no negative effects 
B)  day care has neither positive nor negative effects 
C)  day care has no positive effects on children 
D)  high quality day care can have favorable outcomes 
A)  low-quality day care has no negative effects 
B)  day care has neither positive nor negative effects 
C)  day care has no positive effects on children 
D)  high quality day care can have favorable outcomes

Question 5

You are in a discussion on attachment behavior and your friend Shari says that she believes that infants are biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers a protective response from adult females. Which theorist is MOST likely to agree with Shari's views?

Accepted Answer

A)  Harry Harlow 
B)  Mary Ainsworth 
C)  John Bowlby 
D)  Jay Belsky 
A)  Harry Harlow 
B)  Mary Ainsworth 
C)  John Bowlby 
D)  Jay Belsky

Question 6

Mothers who are inconsistent or insensitive in responding to their infants are more likely to have infants who exhibit ____ attachments.

Accepted Answer

A)  especially strong 
B)  secure 
C)  anxious-ambivalent or avoidant 
D)  separation 
A)  especially strong 
B)  secure 
C)  anxious-ambivalent or avoidant 
D)  separation

Question 7

The challenge of learning to function, take personal responsibility for feeding and dressing, marks Erikson's childhood stage of

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative versus guilt. 
B)  trust versus mistrust. 
C)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
D)  industry versus inferiority. 
A)  initiative versus guilt. 
B)  trust versus mistrust. 
C)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
D)  industry versus inferiority.

Question 8

The gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what a child can achieve with guidance from more skilled learners is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  zone of proximal development. 
D)  assimlation. 
A)  scaffolding. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  zone of proximal development. 
D)  assimlation.

Question 9

The potential damage due to prenatal exposure to maternal illness is primarily a function

Accepted Answer

A)  of when the mother contracts the disease. 
B)  of the severity of the mother's symptoms. 
C)  of the condition of the mother's overall health. 
D)  of whether the unborn child is male or female. 
A)  of when the mother contracts the disease. 
B)  of the severity of the mother's symptoms. 
C)  of the condition of the mother's overall health. 
D)  of whether the unborn child is male or female.

Question 10

A study begin in Seattle in 1974 (Steissguth, 2007) that followed the offspring of mothers who had engaged in varied amounts of drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy found that at age 14, higher prenatal alcohol intake was associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  higher suicide rates. 
B)  deficits in attention span. 
C)  drug problems. 
D)  increased reaction time. 
A)  higher suicide rates. 
B)  deficits in attention span. 
C)  drug problems. 
D)  increased reaction time.

Question 11

The person who objects to war on the basis of higher moral principles and a personal code of ethics would be said to be at which of the following levels of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  postconventional 
B)  preconventional 
C)  conventional 
D)  unconventional 
A)  postconventional 
B)  preconventional 
C)  conventional 
D)  unconventional

Question 12

When groups of subjects of differing ages are compared at a single point in time, the study is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional study. 
B)  longitudinal study. 
C)  cross-cultural study. 
D)  sequential study. 
A)  cross-sectional study. 
B)  longitudinal study. 
C)  cross-cultural study. 
D)  sequential study.

Question 13

The period of cognitive development that lasts from approximately birth to age two is the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  formal operational 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  formal operational 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 14

Anne is 5 years old, and she likes to help with jobs around the house. Tonight, when she was clearing the dishes from the table, she dropped a stack of plates and broke them all. Her father scolded her and told her that she could help more by staying out of the way and letting her older brothers clear the table. If her father's reaction is typical of the interactions she has with him, Erikson would suggest that Anne is likely to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  feelings of guilt. 
B)  feelings of inferiority. 
C)  a general sense of mistrust. 
D)  a sense of initiative. 
A)  feelings of guilt. 
B)  feelings of inferiority. 
C)  a general sense of mistrust. 
D)  a sense of initiative.

Question 15

Children tend to gain control of the upper part of their bodies before the lower part. This describes the

Accepted Answer

A)  maturational trend. 
B)  developmental trend. 
C)  cephalocaudal trend. 
D)  proximodistal trend. 
A)  maturational trend. 
B)  developmental trend. 
C)  cephalocaudal trend. 
D)  proximodistal trend.

Question 16

Jerry is 8 months old. Based on Erikson's theory of personality development, the fundamental question that Jerry is dealing with at this point in his life is

Accepted Answer

A)  "Is my world predictable and supportive?" 
B)  "Can I do things myself, or must I always rely on others?" 
C)  "Am I good or am I bad?" 
D)  "Am I competent or am I worthless?" 
A)  "Is my world predictable and supportive?" 
B)  "Can I do things myself, or must I always rely on others?" 
C)  "Am I good or am I bad?" 
D)  "Am I competent or am I worthless?"

Question 17

According to the basic sequences of progression of motor maturation, which of the following body structures should take the longest to come under effective control?

Accepted Answer

A)  torso 
B)  shoulders 
C)  arms 
D)  fingers 
A)  torso 
B)  shoulders 
C)  arms 
D)  fingers

Question 18

It is probably fair to say that Piaget

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimated the abilities of young children. 
B)  adequately addressed the question of individual differences. 
C)  focused too heavily on the role of maturation. 
D)  relied too much on cross-cultural research. 
A)  overestimated the abilities of young children. 
B)  adequately addressed the question of individual differences. 
C)  focused too heavily on the role of maturation. 
D)  relied too much on cross-cultural research.

Question 19

Preschool children who had secure attachments during infancy tend to display all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  greater curiosity. 
B)  better peer relationships. 
C)  higher levels of moral reasoning. 
D)  more self-reliance. 
A)  greater curiosity. 
B)  better peer relationships. 
C)  higher levels of moral reasoning. 
D)  more self-reliance.

Question 20

The cephalocaudal trend in physical development suggests that infants will be able to control their

Accepted Answer

A)  hips and legs before they can control their shoulders and arms. 
B)  shoulders and arms before they can control their hands and fingers. 
C)  hands and fingers before they can control their shoulders and arms. 
D)  shoulders and arms before they can control their hips and legs. 
A)  hips and legs before they can control their shoulders and arms. 
B)  shoulders and arms before they can control their hands and fingers. 
C)  hands and fingers before they can control their shoulders and arms. 
D)  shoulders and arms before they can control their hips and legs.

Exam 21: Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

If an infant is temperamentally easy, what would be the best prediction to make about the child's temperament at age 10?

Which of the following has NOT decreased over generations?

The approximately nine months of prenatal development occurs in three phases in the following sequence:

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the results of research on day care?

You are in a discussion on attachment behavior and your friend Shari says that she believes that infants are biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers a protective response from adult females. Which theorist is MOST likely to agree with Shari's views?

Mothers who are inconsistent or insensitive in responding to their infants are more likely to have infants who exhibit ____ attachments.

The challenge of learning to function, take personal responsibility for feeding and dressing, marks Erikson's childhood stage of

The gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what a child can achieve with guidance from more skilled learners is known as

The potential damage due to prenatal exposure to maternal illness is primarily a function

A study begin in Seattle in 1974 (Steissguth, 2007) that followed the offspring of mothers who had engaged in varied amounts of drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy found that at age 14, higher prenatal alcohol intake was associated with

The person who objects to war on the basis of higher moral principles and a personal code of ethics would be said to be at which of the following levels of moral development?

When groups of subjects of differing ages are compared at a single point in time, the study is called a

The period of cognitive development that lasts from approximately birth to age two is the ____ stage.

Children tend to gain control of the upper part of their bodies before the lower part. This describes the

Jerry is 8 months old. Based on Erikson's theory of personality development, the fundamental question that Jerry is dealing with at this point in his life is

According to the basic sequences of progression of motor maturation, which of the following body structures should take the longest to come under effective control?

It is probably fair to say that Piaget

Preschool children who had secure attachments during infancy tend to display all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

The cephalocaudal trend in physical development suggests that infants will be able to control their

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

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Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

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Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

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Social Behavior Part 1

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