Question 1

Consider the following diagram of a neuron.  
-Which of the following correctly classifies the following chemical messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholinergic 
B)  amino acid 
C)  androgenic 
D)  peptidergic 
E)  steroid 
A)  cholinergic 
B)  amino acid 
C)  androgenic 
D)  peptidergic 
E)  steroid

Question 2

Which of the following can be the target of a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  a muscle cell 
B)  the cell of a gland 
C)  a neuron 
D)  all of these 
A)  a muscle cell 
B)  the cell of a gland 
C)  a neuron 
D)  all of these

Question 3

Consider a substance which carries a message from a receptor to the inside of a cell. To which of the following classifications does this substance most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary messenger 
B)  ligand 
C)  chemical messenger 
D)  any of the above 
A)  secondary messenger 
B)  ligand 
C)  chemical messenger 
D)  any of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the receptors for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are hydrophilic. 
B)  They are proteins. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  They are hydrophilic. 
B)  They are proteins. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 5

Which of the following in an adrenergic messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  dopamine 
C)  taurine 
D)  all of these 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  dopamine 
C)  taurine 
D)  all of these

Question 6

Which of the following is true of succinylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  In small doses it causes muscles to relax. 
B)  In small doses it causes muscles to become tense. 
C)  It is an irreversible inhibitor. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
A)  In small doses it causes muscles to relax. 
B)  In small doses it causes muscles to become tense. 
C)  It is an irreversible inhibitor. 
D)  None of the above is true.

Question 7

How many different kinds of receptors are there for acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 8

Which of the following is not an adrenergic messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  histamine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  None of these, they are all adrenergic messengers. 
A)  dopamine 
B)  histamine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  None of these, they are all adrenergic messengers.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the receptor site for amino acid neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  All amino acids have a common receptor site. 
B)  Each amino acid has a single unique receptor site. 
C)  There are four different types of receptor sites corresponding to the four different types of side chains on the amino acids. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
A)  All amino acids have a common receptor site. 
B)  Each amino acid has a single unique receptor site. 
C)  There are four different types of receptor sites corresponding to the four different types of side chains on the amino acids. 
D)  None of the above is true.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the receptor site for amino acid neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  All amino acids have a common receptor site. 
B)  Each amino acid has its own receptor sites. 
C)  There are four different types of receptor sites corresponding to the four different types of side chains on the amino acids. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
A)  All amino acids have a common receptor site. 
B)  Each amino acid has its own receptor sites. 
C)  There are four different types of receptor sites corresponding to the four different types of side chains on the amino acids. 
D)  None of the above is true.

Question 11

Which of the following functions by activating an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  estradiol 
D)  insulin 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  estradiol 
D)  insulin

Question 12

Which of the following functions by affecting the synthesis of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  estradiol 
D)  insulin 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  estradiol 
D)  insulin

Question 13

Adrenergic messengers belong to which class of compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  amides 
B)  amines 
C)  amino acids 
D)  polypeptides 
A)  amides 
B)  amines 
C)  amino acids 
D)  polypeptides

Question 14

Botulism toxin acts by doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting the synthesis of acetylcholine 
B)  irreversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase 
C)  reversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase 
D)  preventing the release acetylcholine from vesicles 
A)  inhibiting the synthesis of acetylcholine 
B)  irreversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase 
C)  reversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase 
D)  preventing the release acetylcholine from vesicles

Question 15

Secondary messengers perform which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  amplification of a message 
B)  transmission of a message from the cell surface to its interior 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  amplification of a message 
B)  transmission of a message from the cell surface to its interior 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 16

Which of the following functions are performed by secondary messengers?

Accepted Answer

A)  amplification of a message 
B)  transmission of a message one cell to another 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  amplification of a message 
B)  transmission of a message one cell to another 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 17

Which of the following reactions is involved in the activation of phosphatidylinositol secondary messengers?

Accepted Answer

A)  dephosphorylation 
B)  phosphorylation 
C)  reduction 
D)  oxidation 
A)  dephosphorylation 
B)  phosphorylation 
C)  reduction 
D)  oxidation

Question 18

What concentration of Ca2+ ion is required to trigger the release of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 × 10−6 M 
B)  1 × 10−7 M 
C)  1 × 10−8 M 
D)  1 × 10−9 M 
A)  1 × 10−6 M 
B)  1 × 10−7 M 
C)  1 × 10−8 M 
D)  1 × 10−9 M

Question 19

Which of the following is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) site?

Accepted Answer

A)  γ-aminobutyric acid 
B)  phenylcyclidine 
C)  taurine 
D)  none of these 
A)  γ-aminobutyric acid 
B)  phenylcyclidine 
C)  taurine 
D)  none of these

Question 20

Which of the following is true of epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a hormone but not a neurotransmitter. 
B)  It is a neurotransmitter but not a hormone. 
C)  It is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. 
D)  It is neither a hormone nor a neurotransmitter. 
A)  It is a hormone but not a neurotransmitter. 
B)  It is a neurotransmitter but not a hormone. 
C)  It is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. 
D)  It is neither a hormone nor a neurotransmitter.

Exam 24: Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Consider the following diagram of a neuron. -Which of the following correctly classifies the following chemical messenger?

Which of the following can be the target of a neurotransmitter?

Consider a substance which carries a message from a receptor to the inside of a cell. To which of the following classifications does this substance most likely belong?

Which of the following is true of the receptors for steroid hormones?

Which of the following in an adrenergic messenger?

Which of the following is true of succinylcholine?

How many different kinds of receptors are there for acetylcholine?

Which of the following is not an adrenergic messenger?

Which of the following is true of the receptor site for amino acid neurotransmitters?

Which of the following is true of the receptor site for amino acid neurotransmitters?

Which of the following functions by activating an enzyme?

Which of the following functions by affecting the synthesis of proteins?

Adrenergic messengers belong to which class of compounds?

Botulism toxin acts by doing which of the following?

Secondary messengers perform which of the following functions?

Which of the following functions are performed by secondary messengers?

Which of the following reactions is involved in the activation of phosphatidylinositol secondary messengers?

What concentration of Ca2+ ion is required to trigger the release of acetylcholine?

Which of the following is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) site?

Which of the following is true of epinephrine?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atoms

Chemical Bonds

Chemical Reactions

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions and Colloids

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Alkanes

Alkenes and Alkynes

Benzene and Its Derivatives

Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols

Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy

Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

Biosynthetic Pathways

Nutrition

Immunochemistry

Body Fluids

Filters

What concentration of Ca²⁺ ion is required to trigger the release of acetylcholine?