Question 1

Which of the following is true of the Sabin vaccine against the polio virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains a virus which has been inactivated by treatment with formaldehyde. 
B)  It contains a mutated form of the virus which is temperature sensitive. 
C)  It contains a very small amount of the natural virus. 
D)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  It contains a virus which has been inactivated by treatment with formaldehyde. 
B)  It contains a mutated form of the virus which is temperature sensitive. 
C)  It contains a very small amount of the natural virus. 
D)  None of the above is correct.

Question 2

What is a neutralizing antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  an antibody which affects the electrical charge of the antigen 
B)  an antibody which affects the pH of the antigen 
C)  an antibody which completely eliminates the antigen 
D)  none of the above 
A)  an antibody which affects the electrical charge of the antigen 
B)  an antibody which affects the pH of the antigen 
C)  an antibody which completely eliminates the antigen 
D)  none of the above

Question 3

The structure of tumor necrosis factor includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  four helical segments 
B)  only β-pleated sheet 
C)  both α-helix and β-pleated sheet 
D)  four cysteine residues which form two disulfide bridges 
A)  four helical segments 
B)  only β-pleated sheet 
C)  both α-helix and β-pleated sheet 
D)  four cysteine residues which form two disulfide bridges

Question 4

Which type of vaccine was originally used by Pasteur?

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated vaccine 
B)  inactivated vaccine 
C)  subunit vaccine 
D)  mimic vaccine 
A)  attenuated vaccine 
B)  inactivated vaccine 
C)  subunit vaccine 
D)  mimic vaccine

Question 5

Which of the following is true of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  An organism is born with its full complement of antibodies. 
B)  A new antibody can appear whenever one is needed. 
C)  The ability to produce new antibodies is determined by an organism's genetic blueprint. 
D)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  An organism is born with its full complement of antibodies. 
B)  A new antibody can appear whenever one is needed. 
C)  The ability to produce new antibodies is determined by an organism's genetic blueprint. 
D)  None of the above is correct.

Question 6

The structure of interleukin-2 includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  four helical segments 
B)  only β-pleated sheet 
C)  both α-helix and β-pleated sheet 
D)  four cysteine residues which form two disulfide bridges 
A)  four helical segments 
B)  only β-pleated sheet 
C)  both α-helix and β-pleated sheet 
D)  four cysteine residues which form two disulfide bridges

Question 7

Cytokines bind to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells 
B)  macrophages 
C)  T cells 
D)  all of these 
A)  B cells 
B)  macrophages 
C)  T cells 
D)  all of these

Question 8

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple sclerosis 
B)  myasthenia gravis 
C)  rheumatoid arthritis 
D)  None, they are all autoimmune diseases. 
A)  multiple sclerosis 
B)  myasthenia gravis 
C)  rheumatoid arthritis 
D)  None, they are all autoimmune diseases.

Question 9

Which of the following refers to a substance which triggers an immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody 
B)  antigen 
C)  lymphocyte 
D)  macrophage 
A)  antibody 
B)  antigen 
C)  lymphocyte 
D)  macrophage

Question 10

Antiviral drugs against HIV have been developed to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit the protease 
B)  inhibit the reverse transcriptase 
C)  prevent the virus from entering the host's cells 
D)  all of the above 
A)  inhibit the protease 
B)  inhibit the reverse transcriptase 
C)  prevent the virus from entering the host's cells 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following changes shape after it binds to a CD4 receptor of a T cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  gp 41 
B)  gp 120 
C)  p17 
D)  p24 
A)  gp 41 
B)  gp 120 
C)  p17 
D)  p24

Question 12

Approximately what percentage of patients who are not treated for strep throat develop rheumatic fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  3% 
B)  10% 
C)  40% 
D)  60% 
A)  3% 
B)  10% 
C)  40% 
D)  60%

Question 13

Which cells of the immune system are the first to attack invading viruses or bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  macrophages 
D)  T cells 
A)  B cells 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  macrophages 
D)  T cells

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the structure of immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each molecule is made up of two polypeptide chains. 
B)  Each molecule is made up of four different polypeptide chains. 
C)  Each molecule is made up of four identical polypeptide chains. 
D)  Each molecule is made up of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains. 
A)  Each molecule is made up of two polypeptide chains. 
B)  Each molecule is made up of four different polypeptide chains. 
C)  Each molecule is made up of four identical polypeptide chains. 
D)  Each molecule is made up of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains.

Question 15

Which type of cells produce antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cells 
B)  NK cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  T cells 
A)  A cells 
B)  NK cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  T cells

Question 16

Which of the following immunoglobulin classes has the smallest concentration in blood serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgM

Question 17

Which of the following are the first cells in the blood that encounter antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  macrophages 
D)  T cells 
A)  B cells 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  macrophages 
D)  T cells

Question 18

Which of the following molecules is used by macrophages to kill pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO 
B)  NO2 
C)  N2O 
D)  none of these 
A)  NO 
B)  NO2 
C)  N2O 
D)  none of these

Question 19

Gene conversion mutation does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  creates a change at a single nucleotide 
B)  copies nucleotide sequences from a pseudogene V into the V(J)D 
C)  swaps exons of the constant region between highly repetitive regions 
D)  all of these 
A)  creates a change at a single nucleotide 
B)  copies nucleotide sequences from a pseudogene V into the V(J)D 
C)  swaps exons of the constant region between highly repetitive regions 
D)  all of these

Question 20

Phagocytes frequently kill their prey using which of the following reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  condensation 
B)  hydrolysis 
C)  oxidation 
D)  reduction 
A)  condensation 
B)  hydrolysis 
C)  oxidation 
D)  reduction

Exam 31: Immunochemistry

Which of the following is true of the Sabin vaccine against the polio virus?

What is a neutralizing antibody?

The structure of tumor necrosis factor includes which of the following?

Which type of vaccine was originally used by Pasteur?

Which of the following is true of antibodies?

The structure of interleukin-2 includes which of the following?

Cytokines bind to which of the following?

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Which of the following refers to a substance which triggers an immune response?

Antiviral drugs against HIV have been developed to do which of the following?

Which of the following changes shape after it binds to a CD4 receptor of a T cell?

Approximately what percentage of patients who are not treated for strep throat develop rheumatic fever?

Which cells of the immune system are the first to attack invading viruses or bacteria?

Which of the following is true of the structure of immunoglobulins?

Which type of cells produce antibodies?

Which of the following immunoglobulin classes has the smallest concentration in blood serum?

Which of the following are the first cells in the blood that encounter antigens?

Which of the following molecules is used by macrophages to kill pathogens?

Gene conversion mutation does which of the following?

Phagocytes frequently kill their prey using which of the following reactions?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

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Chemical Reactions

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Solutions and Colloids

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

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Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

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Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

Carbohydrates

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Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

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Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy

Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

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