Exam 9: Learning and Conditioning

Being severely physically punished in childhood is a risk factor for which of the following?

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a(n)_______ stimulus.

The founder of American behaviorism was

Extrinsic rewards are not inherently related to the activity that is being reinforced.

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned up her room.What is the cookie in this example?

What is actually learned in classical conditioning? The answer varies depending on the theorist's approach. -What is actually learned in classical conditioning according to the traditional Pavlovian approach? -What is actually learned in classical conditioning according to many contemporary psychologists? -How has the imaginative research of Robert Rescorla supported the contemporary view?

In the initial salivary reflex studied by Pavlov,what was the unconditioned stimulus?

If you want to train a hamster to pick up a marble

Stimulus generalization has occurred if a child learns to fear spiders and then responds to beetles with fear.

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice thereafter,her heart raced.Old Spice After Shave was the

Distinguish between and give an example of primary and secondary reinforcers.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

In their study of three groups of rats in a maze,Tolman and Honzik noted that _______________ occurs without obvious reinforcement.

In his observation of cats,Thorndike concluded that

If you give your child a quarter every time he makes his bed,you are using

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the

Many individuals decide that they feel hungry and eat lunch when they see both hands of the clock on the 12,indicating that it is noontime.This may occur regardless of how recently they ate breakfast.In this example,the conditioned response is

When Luke kisses Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the

Albert Bandura and his colleagues had nursery school children watch a short film of two men,Rocky and Johnny,playing with toys.What did the researchers learn about observational learning through this study?

Skinner used a cage equipped with a device that delivers food or water when an animal makes a desired response.This device is called a(n)