Question 1

_______________ would occur if studying makes you lose time with your friends.

Accepted Answer

A) Positive punishment 
B) Negative punishment 
C) Positive reinforcement 
D) Negative reinforcement 
A) Positive punishment 
B) Negative punishment 
C) Positive reinforcement 
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 2

Intermittent reinforcement results in

Accepted Answer

A) faster extinction. 
B) faster learning. 
C) slower extinction. 
D) superstitious behavior. 
A) faster extinction. 
B) faster learning. 
C) slower extinction. 
D) superstitious behavior.

Question 3

When researchers attempted to teach slugs to dislike foods by pairing the food with an unpleasant taste,they found that

Accepted Answer

A) slugs learned to avoid the smell of carrots and then,through higher-order conditioning pairing carrot smells and potato smells,slugs began to avoid the smell of potatoes. 
B) slugs learned to avoid the smell of carrots,which they normally like,but attempts at higher-order conditioning failed. 
C) after the smell of carrots was paired with the bitter-tasting drug,the slugs began to avoid the place where the association had been formed and would not eat any food in that context. 
D) despite numerous procedures and many attempts,it was not possible to classically condition any responses in slugs. 
A) slugs learned to avoid the smell of carrots and then,through higher-order conditioning pairing carrot smells and potato smells,slugs began to avoid the smell of potatoes. 
B) slugs learned to avoid the smell of carrots,which they normally like,but attempts at higher-order conditioning failed. 
C) after the smell of carrots was paired with the bitter-tasting drug,the slugs began to avoid the place where the association had been formed and would not eat any food in that context. 
D) despite numerous procedures and many attempts,it was not possible to classically condition any responses in slugs.

Question 4

According to Pavlov,learning occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) a neutral stimulus is regularly paired with an unconditioned stimulus. 
B) a response is followed by reinforcement. 
C) something negative is removed after a particular response. 
D) reinforcers are given for successive approximations of the desired response. 
A) a neutral stimulus is regularly paired with an unconditioned stimulus. 
B) a response is followed by reinforcement. 
C) something negative is removed after a particular response. 
D) reinforcers are given for successive approximations of the desired response.

Question 5

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behaviors is called behavior modification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) extinction 
A) shaping 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) extinction

Question 8

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was

Accepted Answer

A) the experimenter. 
B) the laboratory. 
C) the loud noise. 
D) the rat. 
A) the experimenter. 
B) the laboratory. 
C) the loud noise. 
D) the rat.

Question 9

The Internal Revenue Service threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes.She pays,and the threat is withdrawn.In the future,she is more prompt in meeting her obligation.This is an example of the use of _______ to control behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Question 10

In the late 1800s,Edward Thorndike set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Edward Tolman and his colleague,C.H.Honzik,noted that _______________ is not immediately expressed in an overt response.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) extinction 
D) latent learning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) extinction 
D) latent learning

Question 12

Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An analysis of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning occurs in mammals,but not in lower species. 
B) classically conditioned responses last for about two years. 
C) completely eliminating a conditioned response usually requires more than one session. 
D) the mere pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus is enough to produce learning. 
A) classical conditioning occurs in mammals,but not in lower species. 
B) classically conditioned responses last for about two years. 
C) completely eliminating a conditioned response usually requires more than one session. 
D) the mere pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus is enough to produce learning.

Question 14

A negative reinforcer makes a response more likely to reoccur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to John B.Watson,the founder of American behaviorism,you learn to love someone else

Accepted Answer

A) when you feel close to the other person and needed by him or her. 
B) through the instant chemistry and attraction that flows back and forth. 
C) by pairing stroking and cuddling with the person doing the stroking and cuddling. 
D) by associating the person with concepts of trust,loyalty,and companionship. 
A) when you feel close to the other person and needed by him or her. 
B) through the instant chemistry and attraction that flows back and forth. 
C) by pairing stroking and cuddling with the person doing the stroking and cuddling. 
D) by associating the person with concepts of trust,loyalty,and companionship.

Question 16

Punishing a child's misbehavior is most effective if there is a delay between the behavior and the punishment so that the child has time to mull over the consequence to come.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop,the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal,then for leaping from that pedestal to another.Next the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward.Finally,the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) modeling. 
B) shaping. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) secondary learning. 
A) modeling. 
B) shaping. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) secondary learning.

Question 18

Who was Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A) developer of the concept of classical conditioning 
B) an animal trained by using operant conditioning procedures 
C) creator of methods for teaching children 
D) a child who developed a fear as part of a demonstration of classical conditioning 
A) developer of the concept of classical conditioning 
B) an animal trained by using operant conditioning procedures 
C) creator of methods for teaching children 
D) a child who developed a fear as part of a demonstration of classical conditioning

Question 19

Which of the following statements about positive reinforcers is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) They are used in negative reinforcement. 
B) They weaken behaviors that they follow. 
C) They strengthen behaviors that they follow. 
D) They strengthen behaviors that lead to their removal. 
A) They are used in negative reinforcement. 
B) They weaken behaviors that they follow. 
C) They strengthen behaviors that they follow. 
D) They strengthen behaviors that lead to their removal.

Question 20

What is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

In stimulus generalization,a response ev

_______________ would occur if studying makes you lose time with your friends.

Intermittent reinforcement results in

When researchers attempted to teach slugs to dislike foods by pairing the food with an unpleasant taste,they found that

According to Pavlov,learning occurs when

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behaviors is called behavior modification.

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was

The Internal Revenue Service threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes.She pays,and the threat is withdrawn.In the future,she is more prompt in meeting her obligation.This is an example of the use of _______ to control behavior.

In the late 1800s,Edward Thorndike set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Edward Tolman and his colleague,C.H.Honzik,noted that _______________ is not immediately expressed in an overt response.

Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

An analysis of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that

A negative reinforcer makes a response more likely to reoccur.

According to John B.Watson,the founder of American behaviorism,you learn to love someone else

Punishing a child's misbehavior is most effective if there is a delay between the behavior and the punishment so that the child has time to mull over the consequence to come.

Who was Little Albert?

Which of the following statements about positive reinforcers is accurate?

What is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

What Is Psychology

Theories of Personality

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters

Exam 9: Learning and Conditioning

_______________ would occur if studying makes you lose time with your friends.

Intermittent reinforcement results in

When researchers attempted to teach slugs to dislike foods by pairing the food with an unpleasant taste,they found that

According to Pavlov,learning occurs when

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behaviors is called behavior modification.

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was

The Internal Revenue Service threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes.She pays,and the threat is withdrawn.In the future,she is more prompt in meeting her obligation.This is an example of the use of _______ to control behavior.

In the late 1800s,Edward Thorndike set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Edward Tolman and his colleague,C.H.Honzik,noted that _______________ is not immediately expressed in an overt response.

Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

An analysis of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that

A negative reinforcer makes a response more likely to reoccur.

According to John B.Watson,the founder of American behaviorism,you learn to love someone else

Punishing a child's misbehavior is most effective if there is a delay between the behavior and the punishment so that the child has time to mull over the consequence to come.

Who was Little Albert?

Which of the following statements about positive reinforcers is accurate?

What is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

What Is Psychology

Theories of Personality

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters