Question 1

Which of the following statements most closely reflects the current view of Freudian theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Freud's works have been thoroughly and completely rejected by virtually all respectable psychologists. 
B) Most psychologists agree that careful scientific study has confirmed most of Freud's ideas. 
C) While some of Freud's ideas have been proven wrong,almost all psychologists agree that he used good scientific methodology. 
D) Freud's basic ideas are accepted by many psychologists,while others reject them as unscientific. 
A) Freud's works have been thoroughly and completely rejected by virtually all respectable psychologists. 
B) Most psychologists agree that careful scientific study has confirmed most of Freud's ideas. 
C) While some of Freud's ideas have been proven wrong,almost all psychologists agree that he used good scientific methodology. 
D) Freud's basic ideas are accepted by many psychologists,while others reject them as unscientific. D

Question 2

Freud maintained that personality develops in a series of psychosexual stages.Name each of the stages in the order in which it appears and explain how a fixation at the first three stages might be manifest in an individual's personality.

Accepted Answer

-Oral stage-Fixation at this stage results in dependent behavior and seeking oral gratification through such things as smoking,overeating,and nail biting.
-Anal stage-Fixation at this stage can be represented in obsessive neatness and cleanliness (anal retentive)or in impulsive,messy,and disorganized behavior (anal expulsive).
-Phallic stage-Fixation at this stage may result in unconscious conflicts with parents,unresolved guilt,and immature reactions to people of the same and opposite sex.
-Latency stage
-Genital stage

Question 3

Which of the following would have the most influence on the personality development of an adopted child?

Accepted Answer

A) experiences the child has independently from the adoptive family members 
B) adoptive family environment 
C) adoptive mother's personality 
D) adoptive father's personality 
A) experiences the child has independently from the adoptive family members 
B) adoptive family environment 
C) adoptive mother's personality 
D) adoptive father's personality A

Question 4

Objective tests are standardized questionnaires that require written responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is meant by a "culture of honor"? What role does a culture's historical means of livelihood (herding vs.agriculture)play in this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 6

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that

Accepted Answer

A) psychological theories should only be developed by studying large groups of subjects. 
B) the first five years are critical in the development of adult personalities. 
C) psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D) personality development is smooth and continuous. 
A) psychological theories should only be developed by studying large groups of subjects. 
B) the first five years are critical in the development of adult personalities. 
C) psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D) personality development is smooth and continuous.

Question 7

A _______________ is a habitual way of behaving,thinking,and feeling.

Accepted Answer

A) personality 
B) trait 
C) personality type 
D) temperament 
A) personality 
B) trait 
C) personality type 
D) temperament

Question 8

During a job interview,Dr.Sardonicus informs the search committee that she is a psychodynamic theorist.Given this information,the committee concludes that Dr.Sardonicus probably believes that

Accepted Answer

A) humans are rational decision makers. 
B) personality development is smooth and continuous. 
C) psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D) adult personality is formed primarily by experiences in early childhood. 
A) humans are rational decision makers. 
B) personality development is smooth and continuous. 
C) psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D) adult personality is formed primarily by experiences in early childhood.

Question 9

_______________ describes the extent to which people are imaginative and questioning,or conforming and predictable.

Accepted Answer

A) Agreeableness vs.antagonism 
B) Extroversion vs.introversion 
C) Conscientiousness vs.impulsiveness 
D) Openness to experience vs.resistance to new experience 
A) Agreeableness vs.antagonism 
B) Extroversion vs.introversion 
C) Conscientiousness vs.impulsiveness 
D) Openness to experience vs.resistance to new experience

Question 10

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules,along with the values,beliefs,and attitudes shared by most members of that community,affect the behavior of individuals.This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) culture 
B) the collective unconscious 
C) shared environment 
D) reciprocal determinism 
A) culture 
B) the collective unconscious 
C) shared environment 
D) reciprocal determinism

Question 11

According to many clinical psychologists,an important trait,_______________,is not included among the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A) carelessness 
B) suspicion 
C) self-absorption 
D) neuroticism 
A) carelessness 
B) suspicion 
C) self-absorption 
D) neuroticism

Question 12

Which of these research methods would a psychologist be likely to employ to study the influence of genetics on personality?

Accepted Answer

A) examining heritability in twins and adopted individuals 
B) interviewing people who have known others who were particularly odd or unique 
C) administering paper and pencil or computerized questionnaires to hundreds of people 
D) documenting the patterns of development and difficulties of psychiatric patients 
A) examining heritability in twins and adopted individuals 
B) interviewing people who have known others who were particularly odd or unique 
C) administering paper and pencil or computerized questionnaires to hundreds of people 
D) documenting the patterns of development and difficulties of psychiatric patients

Question 13

Which one of the following statements is most consistent with the writings of Rollo May?

Accepted Answer

A) A parent can correct a child's behavior without withdrawing love from the child. 
B) Life is dominated by the positive aspects,such as joy,laughter,love,happiness,and peak experiences. 
C) Individuals can choose to make the best of themselves by drawing on inner resources such as love and courage. 
D) It is possible to escape the harsh realities of life. 
A) A parent can correct a child's behavior without withdrawing love from the child. 
B) Life is dominated by the positive aspects,such as joy,laughter,love,happiness,and peak experiences. 
C) Individuals can choose to make the best of themselves by drawing on inner resources such as love and courage. 
D) It is possible to escape the harsh realities of life.

Question 14

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A) A trait 
B) Personality 
C) Reciprocal determinism 
D) The ego 
A) A trait 
B) Personality 
C) Reciprocal determinism 
D) The ego

Question 15

In the study of dogs and their owners,Samuel Gosling and his colleagues found

Accepted Answer

A) dogs do not have personalities. 
B) the owners and neutral observers could not agree on the dogs' personalities. 
C) all of the dogs had similar personality traits. 
D) the dog owners and the neutral observers all agreed strongly in their ratings of the dogs' personalities along four of the Big Five dimensions. 
A) dogs do not have personalities. 
B) the owners and neutral observers could not agree on the dogs' personalities. 
C) all of the dogs had similar personality traits. 
D) the dog owners and the neutral observers all agreed strongly in their ratings of the dogs' personalities along four of the Big Five dimensions.

Question 16

According to Carl Rogers,__________ is love and support given to another with no strings attached.

Accepted Answer

A) the condition of worth 
B) unconditional positive regard 
C) existentialism 
D) self-actualization 
A) the condition of worth 
B) unconditional positive regard 
C) existentialism 
D) self-actualization

Question 17

Cross-cultural research has identified the Big Five personality traits in places as diverse as China,Spain,Israel,and Australia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Dr.Simmons is a psychologist who believes that the central problem in life is to find a balance between the need for independence and the need for others.She is most likely to be interested in the writings of

Accepted Answer

A) Melanie Klein and D.W.Winnicott. 
B) Karen Horney. 
C) Carl Jung. 
D) Anna Freud 
A) Melanie Klein and D.W.Winnicott. 
B) Karen Horney. 
C) Carl Jung. 
D) Anna Freud

Question 19

Even traits that are highly heritable are not rigidly fixed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In the object-relations view of development

Accepted Answer

A) boys identify first with the mother and girls identify with the father. 
B) boys identify first with the father and girls identify with the mother. 
C) children of both sexes identify first with the father. 
D) children of both sexes identify first with the mother. 
A) boys identify first with the mother and girls identify with the father. 
B) boys identify first with the father and girls identify with the mother. 
C) children of both sexes identify first with the father. 
D) children of both sexes identify first with the mother.

Which of the following statements most closely reflects the current view of Freudian theory?

Freud maintained that personality develops in a series of psychosexual stages.Name each of the stages in the order in which it appears and explain how a fixation at the first three stages might be manifest in an individual's personality.

Which of the following would have the most influence on the personality development of an adopted child?

Objective tests are standardized questionnaires that require written responses.

What is meant by a "culture of honor"? What role does a culture's historical means of livelihood (herding vs.agriculture)play in this phenomenon?

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that

A _______________ is a habitual way of behaving,thinking,and feeling.

During a job interview,Dr.Sardonicus informs the search committee that she is a psychodynamic theorist.Given this information,the committee concludes that Dr.Sardonicus probably believes that

_______________ describes the extent to which people are imaginative and questioning,or conforming and predictable.

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules,along with the values,beliefs,and attitudes shared by most members of that community,affect the behavior of individuals.This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behavior.

According to many clinical psychologists,an important trait,_______________,is not included among the Big Five.

Which of these research methods would a psychologist be likely to employ to study the influence of genetics on personality?

Which one of the following statements is most consistent with the writings of Rollo May?

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

In the study of dogs and their owners,Samuel Gosling and his colleagues found

According to Carl Rogers,__________ is love and support given to another with no strings attached.

Cross-cultural research has identified the Big Five personality traits in places as diverse as China,Spain,Israel,and Australia.

Dr.Simmons is a psychologist who believes that the central problem in life is to find a balance between the need for independence and the need for others.She is most likely to be interested in the writings of

Even traits that are highly heritable are not rigidly fixed.

In the object-relations view of development

What Is Psychology

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Personality

Which of the following statements most closely reflects the current view of Freudian theory?

Freud maintained that personality develops in a series of psychosexual stages.Name each of the stages in the order in which it appears and explain how a fixation at the first three stages might be manifest in an individual's personality.

Which of the following would have the most influence on the personality development of an adopted child?

Objective tests are standardized questionnaires that require written responses.

What is meant by a "culture of honor"? What role does a culture's historical means of livelihood (herding vs.agriculture)play in this phenomenon?

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that

A _______________ is a habitual way of behaving,thinking,and feeling.

During a job interview,Dr.Sardonicus informs the search committee that she is a psychodynamic theorist.Given this information,the committee concludes that Dr.Sardonicus probably believes that

_______________ describes the extent to which people are imaginative and questioning,or conforming and predictable.

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules,along with the values,beliefs,and attitudes shared by most members of that community,affect the behavior of individuals.This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behavior.

According to many clinical psychologists,an important trait,_______________,is not included among the Big Five.

Which of these research methods would a psychologist be likely to employ to study the influence of genetics on personality?

Which one of the following statements is most consistent with the writings of Rollo May?

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior,thoughts,motives,and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

In the study of dogs and their owners,Samuel Gosling and his colleagues found

According to Carl Rogers,__________ is love and support given to another with no strings attached.

Cross-cultural research has identified the Big Five personality traits in places as diverse as China,Spain,Israel,and Australia.

Dr.Simmons is a psychologist who believes that the central problem in life is to find a balance between the need for independence and the need for others.She is most likely to be interested in the writings of

Even traits that are highly heritable are not rigidly fixed.

In the object-relations view of development

What Is Psychology

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters