Exam 9: Learning and Conditioning

Extrinsic reinforcers are defined as reinforcers that

The use of _______________ reinforcers sometimes causes a behavior to decrease in frequency.

When Keller and Marian Breland,two psychologists who became animal trainers,decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box,they found that

You classically condition your dog Milo to salivate when middle C is played on the piano,but you find that he also salivates when middle C is played on the guitar.You make a point of playing C on the guitar and not giving Milo any food afterward,whereas you do sometimes give him food after you play C on the piano.After a few days,Milo stops salivating when C is played on the guitar but continues to salivate when it is played on the piano.This phenomenon is known as

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

What is the difference in response between classical and operant conditioning?

Extrinsic rewards can sometimes reduce the intrinsic pleasure of an activity.

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

The spread of conditioning to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus is called

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

B.F.Skinner theorized that

How have classical conditioning procedures been used to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock?

B.F.Skinner was a cold-blooded individual who raised his daughter,Deborah,in an Air-Crib without benefit of cuddling and holding.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following is NOT a negative reinforcer?

Patients may generalize the nausea caused by chemotherapy to the place where the therapy takes place.When this occurs,the unconditioned stimulus is

Explain the occurrence of extinction in classical conditioning.

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called

In operant conditioning,_______________ occurs when a reinforcer is removed.

An experiment finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the