Exam 9: Learning and Conditioning

In a recent $5 billion lawsuit mentioned in your text,families of victims of a high school shooting blamed______________ for the carnage.

Learning is a process by which experience results in

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

When someone uses punishment to change a behavior,the behavior is likely to

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in

Which of the following is true about the use of extrinsic versus intrinsic rewards?

Mary Cover Jones reported the successful treatment of a 3-year-old boy with a "home-grown" phobia of rabbits. -Name the method that was used by Mary Cover Jones. -Describe the principles of her technique. -What steps needed to be taken to ensure that the fear of rabbits wouldn't be transferred to pleasant stimuli? -What is the variation of her procedure that has been used to treat phobias in adults?

If you want a response to persist after it has been learned,you should reinforce it continuously,not intermittently.

The tendency of a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of another similar stimulus is called

Give an example of classical conditioning.Be sure to label the unconditioned stimulus (US),unconditioned response (UR),the conditioned stimulus (CS),and the conditioned response (CR).

Working in a room with a comfortable air temperature would be an example of a secondary reinforcer.

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior,the behavior is likely to

Intrinsic rewards can undermine the pleasure of doing something for its own sake.

The most effective reward must be

In what sequence should the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus occur in order for classical conditioning to be most effective? Why do researchers believe this sequence leads to the best conditioned responding?

The proverb "He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope" illustrates

When an organism also responds to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, _______________ is said to have occurred.

Operant conditioning occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

When Pavlov realized that his dogs were salivating to things other than food,he called the phenomenon

Principles of operant conditioning have been used to help explain why people get attached to "lucky" hats,charms,and rituals.Using these principles,explain how an athlete might show this type of behavior.How did Skinner demonstrate the phenomenon of superstitious behavior with eight pigeons in his laboratory?