Exam 9: Learning and Conditioning

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the

Sometimes a person learns to respond to a stimulus only when a discriminative stimulus is present.What does the discriminative stimulus signal? -Illustrate the ways in which human behavior is controlled by verbal discriminative stimuli. -Illustrate the ways in which human behavior is controlled by nonverbal discriminative stimuli. -What role does this type of learning play in socialization?

A discriminative stimulus signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

In both latent learning and social-cognitive learning,what is acquired is _______________ rather than a specific response.

At the National Zoological Park in Washington,D.C. ,a polar bear suffered a broken tooth,and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem.The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door,then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth.Finally,a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward.This is an example of

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects,they began to salivate.The salivation was a(n):

You take an aspirin and your headache goes away.This makes it more likely that you will take an aspirin next time you have a headache.This is an example of

Nursery school children were shown a film of two men,Johnny and Rocky,playing with toys.When Johnny wouldn't share,Rocky clobbered him,marching off with all the toys in a sack.What did one-way mirror observations afterwards show about the behavior of children who had viewed this film compared to those who had not?

The process by which a stimulus weakens the probability of the response that it follows is called

In the "Little Albert" study,the conditioned stimulus was a rat.

The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response is called

Intrinsic reinforcers

Robert Rescorla said that a stimulus must reliably _______________ an unconditioned stimulus for the stimulus to begin eliciting conditioned responding.

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called

Mary arrives home to find her son washing the dirty dishes left from his party the night before.When she discovers his first-semester grade report on the table and sees that he got straight A's,Mary rewards him by relieving him of the unpleasant task of finishing the dishes.Which operant process does the example illustrate?

Research on reinforcers shows that

A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing is called a secondary reinforcer.

When grade-school children cut back on the time they watch TV or play video games, a.boys' aggression increases whereas girls' aggressiveness stays the same. b.the aggression of the grade-school children declines. c.the aggressiveness of the children increases. d.there is no change in their levels of aggression.

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with