Exam 18: Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

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Degradation of amino acids yields compounds that are common intermediates in the major metabolic pathways. Explain the distinction between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids in terms of their metabolic fates.

(Essay)

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Question 61

A possible product of isoleucine catabolism is:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 62

Under which circumstances are amino acids NOT metabolized via oxidative degradation?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 63

Conversion of ornithine to citrulline is a step in the synthesis of:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 64

What enzyme classes are responsible for interconverting glutamate and $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 65

Transamination reactions are catalyzed by a family of enzymes, all of which require ___ as a coenzyme. In the first step of a transamination, the coenzyme in the aldehyde form condenses with the _ group of an amino acid to form a(n) ___.

(Short Answer)

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Question 66

Catabolism of which substance can enter the citric acid cycle as succinyl-CoA?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 67

Which statement is FALSE in reference to the mammalian synthesis of urea?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 68

Which statement is NOT true of the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 69

Describe the reactions and the role of the glucose-alanine cycle.

(Essay)

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Question 70

Name four amino acids that can be converted directly (in one step) into pyruvate or a citric acid cycle intermediate, and name the intermediate formed from each.

(Short Answer)

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Question 71

Which amino acid can be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol in liver cells?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 72

Which amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic? 1. isoleucine 2. valine 3. histidine 4. arginine 5. tyrosine

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 73

Describe (briefly) the role of (a) gastrin, (b) pepsinogen, (c) cholecystokinin, and (d) enteropeptidase in protein digestion.

(Essay)

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Question 74

The amino acids serine, alanine, and cysteine can be catabolized to yield:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 75

Which statement is FALSE regarding ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 76

Which statement is TRUE regarding tyrosine catabolism?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 77

Which statement is FALSE for uric acid?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 78

Describe, by showing the chemical intermediates, the role of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in the transamination of an amino acid.

(Essay)

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Question 79

_____ is NOT a form of the most oxidized state of tetrahydrofolate (THF).

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 80

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Exam 18: Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Degradation of amino acids yields compounds that are common intermediates in the major metabolic pathways. Explain the distinction between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids in terms of their metabolic fates.

A possible product of isoleucine catabolism is:

Under which circumstances are amino acids NOT metabolized via oxidative degradation?

Conversion of ornithine to citrulline is a step in the synthesis of:

What enzyme classes are responsible for interconverting glutamate and α\alphaα -ketoglutarate?

Transamination reactions are catalyzed by a family of enzymes, all of which require _____ as a coenzyme. In the first step of a transamination, the coenzyme in the aldehyde form condenses with the _____ group of an amino acid to form a(n) _____.

Catabolism of which substance can enter the citric acid cycle as succinyl-CoA?

Which statement is FALSE in reference to the mammalian synthesis of urea?

Which statement is NOT true of the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase?

Describe the reactions and the role of the glucose-alanine cycle.

Name four amino acids that can be converted directly (in one step) into pyruvate or a citric acid cycle intermediate, and name the intermediate formed from each.

Which amino acid can be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol in liver cells?

Which amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic? 1. isoleucine 2. valine 3. histidine 4. arginine 5. tyrosine

Describe (briefly) the role of (a) gastrin, (b) pepsinogen, (c) cholecystokinin, and (d) enteropeptidase in protein digestion.

The amino acids serine, alanine, and cysteine can be catabolized to yield:

Which statement is FALSE regarding ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids?

Which statement is TRUE regarding tyrosine catabolism?

Which statement is FALSE for uric acid?

Describe, by showing the chemical intermediates, the role of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in the transamination of an amino acid.

_____ is NOT a form of the most oxidized state of tetrahydrofolate (THF).

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

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What enzyme classes are responsible for interconverting glutamate and $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate?

Transamination reactions are catalyzed by a family of enzymes, all of which require ___ as a coenzyme. In the first step of a transamination, the coenzyme in the aldehyde form condenses with the _ group of an amino acid to form a(n) ___.