Question 1

Which chloroplast enzyme is NOT regulated by light?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 
B)  glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase 
C)  ribulose 5-phosphate kinase 
D)  sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase 
E)  None of these enzymes is regulated by light. 
A)  fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 
B)  glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase 
C)  ribulose 5-phosphate kinase 
D)  sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase 
E)  None of these enzymes is regulated by light.

Question 2

How does glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate formed in the chloroplast stroma by the Calvin cycle reactions enter the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is a th

Question 3

Which statement is TRUE about reaction centers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria and plants have two reaction centers arranged in tandem. 
B)  Cyanobacteria contain a single reaction center of the Fe-S type. 
C)  Green sulfur bacteria have two reaction centers arranged in tandem. 
D)  Plant photosystems have a single reaction center of the pheophytin-quinone type. 
E)  Purple bacteria contain a single reaction center of the Fe-S type. 
A)  Cyanobacteria and plants have two reaction centers arranged in tandem. 
B)  Cyanobacteria contain a single reaction center of the Fe-S type. 
C)  Green sulfur bacteria have two reaction centers arranged in tandem. 
D)  Plant photosystems have a single reaction center of the pheophytin-quinone type. 
E)  Purple bacteria contain a single reaction center of the Fe-S type.

Question 4

Which statement is TRUE regarding the conversion of malate to pyruvate by malic enzyme in C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is an oxidative decarboxylation reaction. 
B)  The process generates NADH as a product. 
C)  This process requires ATP consumption. 
D)  This reaction increases rubisco-associated photorespiration. 
E)  This process occurs predominantly in plant mitochondria. 
A)  This is an oxidative decarboxylation reaction. 
B)  The process generates NADH as a product. 
C)  This process requires ATP consumption. 
D)  This reaction increases rubisco-associated photorespiration. 
E)  This process occurs predominantly in plant mitochondria.

Question 5

Describe briefly how the allosteric effector fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) regulates starch and sucrose synthesis.

Accepted Answer

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) is an

Question 6

Diagram the reaction catalyzed by transketolase when fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are the substrates.

Accepted Answer

Transketolase is an enzyme that plays a

Question 7

Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation do NOT share:

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll. 
B)  involvement of cytochromes. 
C)  participation of quinones. 
D)  proton pumping across a membrane to create electrochemical potential. 
E)  use of iron-sulfur proteins. 
A)  chlorophyll. 
B)  involvement of cytochromes. 
C)  participation of quinones. 
D)  proton pumping across a membrane to create electrochemical potential. 
E)  use of iron-sulfur proteins.

Question 8

Which reaction, cycle, or pathway is NOT found in plant systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Calvin cycle 
B)  the gluconeogenesis pathway 
C)  the glyoxalate cycle 
D)  the rubisco reaction 
E)  the urea cycle 
A)  the Calvin cycle 
B)  the gluconeogenesis pathway 
C)  the glyoxalate cycle 
D)  the rubisco reaction 
E)  the urea cycle

Question 9

Which factor is NOT required to activate rubisco?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP hydrolysis 
B)  carbamoylation of the active site lysine by rubisco activase 
C)  release of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate from the active site 
D)  release of 2-carboxyarabinitol from the active site 
E)  binding of Mg2+ 
A)  ATP hydrolysis 
B)  carbamoylation of the active site lysine by rubisco activase 
C)  release of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate from the active site 
D)  release of 2-carboxyarabinitol from the active site 
E)  binding of Mg2+

Question 10

Which pair of enzymes is activated in the absence of photosynthesis (i.e., in the dark) in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 
B)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase 
C)  PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 
D)  phosphofructokinase-2 and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 
E)  phosphofructokinase-2 and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase 
A)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 
B)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase 
C)  PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 
D)  phosphofructokinase-2 and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 
E)  phosphofructokinase-2 and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase

Question 11

Describe what happens when a photon is absorbed by photosystem II; end the description of electron flow at plastoquinone.

Accepted Answer

When a photon is absorbed by photosystem

Question 12

Penicillin inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan:

Accepted Answer

A)  branches. 
B)  chains. 
C)  crosslinks. 
D)  precursors. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  branches. 
B)  chains. 
C)  crosslinks. 
D)  precursors. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

The synthesis of starch and sucrose in plants uses _____ as the substrate, rather than _____, which is used in the synthesis of glycogen in animal cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP-fructose; UDP-glucose 
B)  ADP-glucose; UDP-glucose 
C)  fructose 1-phosphate; glucose 1-phosphate 
D)  glucose 1-phosphate; glucose 6-phosphate 
E)  UDP-glucose; ADP-glucose 
A)  ADP-fructose; UDP-glucose 
B)  ADP-glucose; UDP-glucose 
C)  fructose 1-phosphate; glucose 1-phosphate 
D)  glucose 1-phosphate; glucose 6-phosphate 
E)  UDP-glucose; ADP-glucose

Question 14

The light reactions in photosynthetic higher plants:

Accepted Answer

A)  do not require chlorophyll. 
B)  produce ATP and consume NADH. 
C)  require the action of a single reaction center. 
D)  result in the splitting of H2O, yielding O2. 
E)  serve to produce light so that plants can see underground. 
A)  do not require chlorophyll. 
B)  produce ATP and consume NADH. 
C)  require the action of a single reaction center. 
D)  result in the splitting of H2O, yielding O2. 
E)  serve to produce light so that plants can see underground.

Question 15

Outline how proton pumping in archaea differs from that in cyanobacteria.

Accepted Answer

Proton pumping in archaea and cyanobacte

Question 16

Outline the similarities and differences in the locations of photosystems I and II in chloroplasts.

Accepted Answer

Photosystems I and II are both located i

Question 17

Explain why photorespiration occurs in plant cells carrying out photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

Photorespiration occurs in plant cells c

Question 18

Which cellular organelle is NOT unique to plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  amyloplasts 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  glyoxysomes 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  vacuoles 
A)  amyloplasts 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  glyoxysomes 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  vacuoles

Question 19

Electrons in the special pair of chlorophyll will be transferred to plastoquinone from the excited state but not from the ground state. Explain this in terms of reduction potentials.

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrons from the speci

Question 20

Which statement is FALSE regarding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  This molecule is a phosphorylated ketopentose. 
B)  This molecule contains a phosphoester and an acyl-phosphate. 
C)  This molecule is one of the substrates of rubisco. 
D)  C2 in this molecule is the position where CO2 is added during carbon fixation. 
E)  This molecule is an inhibitor of rubisco activation. 
A)  This molecule is a phosphorylated ketopentose. 
B)  This molecule contains a phosphoester and an acyl-phosphate. 
C)  This molecule is one of the substrates of rubisco. 
D)  C2 in this molecule is the position where CO2 is added during carbon fixation. 
E)  This molecule is an inhibitor of rubisco activation.

Exam 20: Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Which chloroplast enzyme is NOT regulated by light?

How does glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate formed in the chloroplast stroma by the Calvin cycle reactions enter the cytosol?

Which statement is TRUE about reaction centers?

Which statement is TRUE regarding the conversion of malate to pyruvate by malic enzyme in C4 plants?

Describe briefly how the allosteric effector fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) regulates starch and sucrose synthesis.

Diagram the reaction catalyzed by transketolase when fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are the substrates.

Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation do NOT share:

Which reaction, cycle, or pathway is NOT found in plant systems?

Which factor is NOT required to activate rubisco?

Which pair of enzymes is activated in the absence of photosynthesis (i.e., in the dark) in plants?

Describe what happens when a photon is absorbed by photosystem II; end the description of electron flow at plastoquinone.

Penicillin inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan:

The synthesis of starch and sucrose in plants uses _____ as the substrate, rather than _____, which is used in the synthesis of glycogen in animal cells.

The light reactions in photosynthetic higher plants:

Outline how proton pumping in archaea differs from that in cyanobacteria.

Outline the similarities and differences in the locations of photosystems I and II in chloroplasts.

Explain why photorespiration occurs in plant cells carrying out photosynthesis.

Which cellular organelle is NOT unique to plant cells?

Electrons in the special pair of chlorophyll will be transferred to plastoquinone from the excited state but not from the ground state. Explain this in terms of reduction potentials.

Which statement is FALSE regarding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Which statement is TRUE regarding the conversion of malate to pyruvate by malic enzyme in C₄ plants?

The synthesis of starch and sucrose in plants uses _ as the substrate, rather than _, which is used in the synthesis of glycogen in animal cells.