Exam 21: Lipid Biosynthesis

Show the two different biosynthetic pathways from phosphatidic acid to phosphatidylcholine. You may use shorthand notation for phosphatidic acid, but name any cofactors required in the path and show where they are involved.

If malonyl-CoA is synthesized from ¹⁴CO₂ and unlabeled acetyl-CoA, and the labeled malonate is then used for fatty acid synthesis, the final product (fatty acid) will have radioactive carbon in:

Which statement is NOT true of the fatty acid elongation system of vertebrate cells?

Which apolipoprotein is found in chylomicrons but not in other lipoproteins?

The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols from acetate occurs mainly in:

Which compound can be synthesized by plants but NOT by humans?

Which statement about triacylglycerol synthesis is CORRECT?

How many phosphoanhydride bonds (net) are consumed in the conversion of mevalonate into the activated isoprene compound dimethylallyl pyrophosphate?

Chylomicrons carry _____ in the _____.

Which compound is NOT required in the synthesis of fatty acids?

The synthesis of both glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols involves:

Which statement about eicosanoid synthesis is TRUE?

What is the net cost, in terms of high energy molecules, in the synthesis of squalene from acetyl-CoA?

What cofactor is required for acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity?

Synthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA is MOST similar to what other reaction?

Which compound is NOT an intermediate in the synthesis of lanosterol from acetyl-CoA?

Biosynthesis of mammalian membrane phospholipids takes place in what cellular locations?

Conversion of phosphatidylserine into phosphatidylethanolamine requires what chemical process?

What is the primary genetic defect that leads to familial hypercholesterolemia, and how does it lead to elevated blood cholesterol levels?

Show the reaction that limits the rate of cholesterol synthesis from acetate, indicating the role of any cofactors that participate.