Question 1

In the context of scientific cosmology,the universe contains two basic entities: __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  matter,energy 
B)  mass,energy 
C)  stars,planets 
D)  celestial objects,matter 
A)  matter,energy 
B)  mass,energy 
C)  stars,planets 
D)  celestial objects,matter

Question 2

A light year is a unit that measures

Accepted Answer

A)  time. 
B)  mass. 
C)  distance. 
D)  luminous intensity. 
A)  time. 
B)  mass. 
C)  distance. 
D)  luminous intensity.

Question 3

__________ is the substance that makes up objects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy 
B)  Mass 
C)  Matter 
D)  Cosmology 
A)  Energy 
B)  Mass 
C)  Matter 
D)  Cosmology

Question 4

Light from a star that has been shifted due to the Doppler effect is most likely to tell us the __________ of the star.

Accepted Answer

A)  relative velocity 
B)  temperature 
C)  composition 
D)  age 
A)  relative velocity 
B)  temperature 
C)  composition 
D)  age

Question 5

Which of the following is true about blue-shifted light that we detect from the cosmos?

Accepted Answer

A)  It signifies a source that is moving toward us. 
B)  It is common for galaxies to emit this type of light. 
C)  The detected light has a longer wavelength than at the source. 
D)  The detected light has a lower frequency than at the source. 
A)  It signifies a source that is moving toward us. 
B)  It is common for galaxies to emit this type of light. 
C)  The detected light has a longer wavelength than at the source. 
D)  The detected light has a lower frequency than at the source.

Question 6

Scientists have estimated the age of the Earth to be 4.57 Ga.What did they use to determine this age and why did they use it?

Accepted Answer

The age of the Earth was determined by r

Question 7

Volatile materials can exist as gases at the Earth's surface.Which of the following is NOT a volatile material?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  silicon 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  carbon dioxide 
A)  water 
B)  silicon 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  carbon dioxide

Question 8

Which of the following bodies is the smallest?

Accepted Answer

A)  planet 
B)  star 
C)  protoplanet 
D)  planetesimal 
A)  planet 
B)  star 
C)  protoplanet 
D)  planetesimal

Question 9

Energy can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  the substance that makes up objects. 
B)  the inherent ability of a region of space and the matter within it to do work. 
C)  the amount of matter in an object. 
D)  the change in frequency that happens when a wave source moves. 
A)  the substance that makes up objects. 
B)  the inherent ability of a region of space and the matter within it to do work. 
C)  the amount of matter in an object. 
D)  the change in frequency that happens when a wave source moves.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes how the Earth's Moon formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Earth and Moon formed at the same time. 
B)  Early in the history of our Solar System,an asteroid was captured by the Earth's gravity and became the Moon. 
C)  Early in the history of our Solar System,a protoplanet collided with the Earth,sending debris into orbit that coalesced to form the Moon. 
D)  Early in the history of our Solar System,a group of comets was captured by the Earth's gravity and coalesced to form the Moon. 
A)  The Earth and Moon formed at the same time. 
B)  Early in the history of our Solar System,an asteroid was captured by the Earth's gravity and became the Moon. 
C)  Early in the history of our Solar System,a protoplanet collided with the Earth,sending debris into orbit that coalesced to form the Moon. 
D)  Early in the history of our Solar System,a group of comets was captured by the Earth's gravity and coalesced to form the Moon.

Question 11

What is a planet? List the three criteria that define a planet.Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet?

Accepted Answer

A planet is an object that orb

Question 12

Which of the following planets is MOST similar to Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neptune 
B)  Mercury 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  Uranus 
A)  Neptune 
B)  Mercury 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  Uranus

Question 13

Scientists believe that the Moon formed due to a protoplanet colliding with the Earth.If this is the case,the Moon should have a composition similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  other meteors. 
B)  other comets. 
C)  the Earth's crust. 
D)  the Earth's mantle. 
A)  other meteors. 
B)  other comets. 
C)  the Earth's crust. 
D)  the Earth's mantle.

Question 14

The closest galaxy to ours is ________,which is 4.37 light years away.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha Centauri 
B)  Andromeda 
C)  Kuiper Belt 
D)  Orion 
A)  Alpha Centauri 
B)  Andromeda 
C)  Kuiper Belt 
D)  Orion

Question 15

The terrestrial planets are also known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  inner planets. 
B)  outer planets. 
C)  giant planets. 
D)  Jovian planets. 
A)  inner planets. 
B)  outer planets. 
C)  giant planets. 
D)  Jovian planets.

Question 16

The figure below represents the final stage in the Earth's formation,which is marked by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  atmosphere formation. 
B)  rains creating the oceans. 
C)  gases being added by passing comets. 
D)  differentiation of the core and mantle. 
A)  atmosphere formation. 
B)  rains creating the oceans. 
C)  gases being added by passing comets. 
D)  differentiation of the core and mantle.

Question 17

Our Solar System belongs to a galaxy known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Andromeda. 
B)  Cepheus. 
C)  the Milky Way. 
D)  the Stratosphere. 
A)  Andromeda. 
B)  Cepheus. 
C)  the Milky Way. 
D)  the Stratosphere.

Question 18

The best estimate of when the Universe formed is

Accepted Answer

A)  13.7 Ma. 
B)  13.7 Ga. 
C)  4.57 Ma. 
D)  4.57 Ga. 
A)  13.7 Ma. 
B)  13.7 Ga. 
C)  4.57 Ma. 
D)  4.57 Ga.

Question 19

Currently,the most accurate ages of the Earth come from dating

Accepted Answer

A)  ice in comets. 
B)  ancient volcanic rocks. 
C)  rock samples brought back from the Moon. 
D)  meteorites. 
A)  ice in comets. 
B)  ancient volcanic rocks. 
C)  rock samples brought back from the Moon. 
D)  meteorites.

Question 20

The primary evidence that our Sun is a third-,fourth-,or fifth-generation star comes from the fact that our

Accepted Answer

A)  Solar System contains too many heavy atoms to be first-generation. 
B)  Solar System is too large to be first-generation. 
C)  Sun is too hot to be a first-generation star. 
D)  Sun is too large to be a first-generation star. 
A)  Solar System contains too many heavy atoms to be first-generation. 
B)  Solar System is too large to be first-generation. 
C)  Sun is too hot to be a first-generation star. 
D)  Sun is too large to be a first-generation star.

Exam 1: Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

In the context of scientific cosmology,the universe contains two basic entities: __________ and __________.

A light year is a unit that measures

__________ is the substance that makes up objects.

Light from a star that has been shifted due to the Doppler effect is most likely to tell us the __________ of the star.

Which of the following is true about blue-shifted light that we detect from the cosmos?

Scientists have estimated the age of the Earth to be 4.57 Ga.What did they use to determine this age and why did they use it?

Volatile materials can exist as gases at the Earth's surface.Which of the following is NOT a volatile material?

Which of the following bodies is the smallest?

Energy can best be described as

Which of the following best describes how the Earth's Moon formed?

What is a planet? List the three criteria that define a planet.Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet?

Which of the following planets is MOST similar to Earth?

Scientists believe that the Moon formed due to a protoplanet colliding with the Earth.If this is the case,the Moon should have a composition similar to

The closest galaxy to ours is ________,which is 4.37 light years away.

The terrestrial planets are also known as the

The figure below represents the final stage in the Earth's formation,which is marked by all of the following EXCEPT

Our Solar System belongs to a galaxy known as

The best estimate of when the Universe formed is

Currently,the most accurate ages of the Earth come from dating

The primary evidence that our Sun is a third-,fourth-,or fifth-generation star comes from the fact that our

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

In the context of scientific cosmology,the universe contains two basic entities: and .