Question 1

Because of the Doppler effect,a light- or sound-emitting object moving toward you has a ________ than a stationary object.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher amplitude 
B)  lower frequency 
C)  lower amplitude 
D)  higher frequency 
A)  higher amplitude 
B)  lower frequency 
C)  lower amplitude 
D)  higher frequency D

Question 2

Briefly describe how our Solar System formed,according to the nebular theory.

Accepted Answer

Our Solar System formed from a nebular cloud of gas and dust that flattened into an accretionary disk under the influence of gravity.The Sun formed at the center of this disk,and the planets formed via accretion of materials in the rings surrounding the protosun.

Question 3

The figure below shows a moving source of light with four stationary observers at different locations.Which observer will see red-shifted light from the moving source?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D B

Question 4

Aside from the Earth,the terrestrial planets are

Accepted Answer

A)  Mars,Mercury,and Venus. 
B)  Mars,Venus,and Jupiter. 
C)  Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,and Neptune. 
D)  Mars and Saturn. 
A)  Mars,Mercury,and Venus. 
B)  Mars,Venus,and Jupiter. 
C)  Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,and Neptune. 
D)  Mars and Saturn.

Question 5

The change in wavelength (and therefore frequency)of waves that happens if the source of the waves is moving is explained by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Big Bang theory. 
B)  nebular theory. 
C)  expanding Universe theory. 
D)  Doppler effect. 
A)  Big Bang theory. 
B)  nebular theory. 
C)  expanding Universe theory. 
D)  Doppler effect.

Question 6

The images below show two different nuclear reactions.The left image shows ________,while the right image shows ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fusion; fission 
B)  fission; fusion 
C)  Both images show the same type of fusion. 
D)  Both images show the same type of fission. 
A)  fusion; fission 
B)  fission; fusion 
C)  Both images show the same type of fusion. 
D)  Both images show the same type of fission.

Question 7

The branch of science that studies the structure and history of the Universe is

Accepted Answer

A)  cosmetology. 
B)  scientology. 
C)  cosmology. 
D)  astrology. 
A)  cosmetology. 
B)  scientology. 
C)  cosmology. 
D)  astrology.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT considered a Jovian planet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uranus 
B)  Neptune 
C)  Saturn 
D)  Pluto 
A)  Uranus 
B)  Neptune 
C)  Saturn 
D)  Pluto

Question 9

The current scientific explanation for the origin of planets,moons,asteroids,and comets in our Solar System is the

Accepted Answer

A)  expanding Universe theory. 
B)  nebular theory. 
C)  Big Bang theory. 
D)  theory of plate tectonics. 
A)  expanding Universe theory. 
B)  nebular theory. 
C)  Big Bang theory. 
D)  theory of plate tectonics.

Question 10

When we say that light from a distant stellar object is red-shifted,this means that the light we see

Accepted Answer

A)  is from an object moving toward us. 
B)  is red in color and must have come from a red giant star. 
C)  has a higher frequency than at the source. 
D)  has a longer wavelength than at the source. 
A)  is from an object moving toward us. 
B)  is red in color and must have come from a red giant star. 
C)  has a higher frequency than at the source. 
D)  has a longer wavelength than at the source.

Question 11

According to the Big Bang theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  the Earth is much older than the rest of the Universe. 
B)  the Universe is much older than the Earth. 
C)  the Earth and the Universe formed at about the same time. 
D)  there is no way of knowing how old the Universe might be. 
A)  the Earth is much older than the rest of the Universe. 
B)  the Universe is much older than the Earth. 
C)  the Earth and the Universe formed at about the same time. 
D)  there is no way of knowing how old the Universe might be.

Question 12

Researchers have determined that the Universe began expanding after the Big Bang.When did the Big Bang event occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.3 Ga 
B)  13.7 Ga 
C)  137 Ga 
D)  13.7 Ma 
A)  1.3 Ga 
B)  13.7 Ga 
C)  137 Ga 
D)  13.7 Ma

Question 13

Eratosthenes was the first person to accurately estimate the size of the Earth.He accomplished this feat by

Accepted Answer

A)  sailing around the world and estimating his average rate of travel. 
B)  comparing the length of an Earth day with the distance between the Earth and the Sun. 
C)  measuring the severity of the greatest earthquakes. 
D)  observing shadows cast simultaneously at two different cities that were separated by a known distance. 
A)  sailing around the world and estimating his average rate of travel. 
B)  comparing the length of an Earth day with the distance between the Earth and the Sun. 
C)  measuring the severity of the greatest earthquakes. 
D)  observing shadows cast simultaneously at two different cities that were separated by a known distance.

Question 14

The metal alloy that makes up the core of the Earth is ________,as compared to the rocky mantle.

Accepted Answer

A)  less dense 
B)  denser 
C)  very similar in chemistry and density 
D)  distinct in chemistry but of very similar density 
A)  less dense 
B)  denser 
C)  very similar in chemistry and density 
D)  distinct in chemistry but of very similar density

Question 15

By far the most common elements in the Universe and in our Solar System are

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen and oxygen. 
B)  iron and manganese. 
C)  hydrogen and helium. 
D)  hydrogen and oxygen. 
A)  nitrogen and oxygen. 
B)  iron and manganese. 
C)  hydrogen and helium. 
D)  hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 16

Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ________,while the giant planets are made predominantly of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  volatiles; rock and metals 
B)  rock and metals; volatiles 
C)  refractory materials; volatiles and metals 
D)  volatiles and metals; refractory materials 
A)  volatiles; rock and metals 
B)  rock and metals; volatiles 
C)  refractory materials; volatiles and metals 
D)  volatiles and metals; refractory materials

Question 17

What is happening to the size of the Universe? How do we know?

Accepted Answer

The Universe is expanding.Most of the li

Question 18

Which of the following is a terrestrial planet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neptune 
B)  Mercury 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  Uranus 
A)  Neptune 
B)  Mercury 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  Uranus

Question 19

Foucault's experiment with a pendulum proved that

Accepted Answer

A)  the Earth is the center of the Universe. 
B)  the Earth revolves around the Sun. 
C)  the Earth rotates about an internal axis. 
D)  the Sun revolves around the Earth. 
A)  the Earth is the center of the Universe. 
B)  the Earth revolves around the Sun. 
C)  the Earth rotates about an internal axis. 
D)  the Sun revolves around the Earth.

Question 20

Differentiation of the core from the mantle early in the Earth's history was possible because the planet was ________ at the time.

Accepted Answer

A)  very cold 
B)  very hot 
C)  very small 
D)  the only planet in the Solar System 
A)  very cold 
B)  very hot 
C)  very small 
D)  the only planet in the Solar System

Exam 1: Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Because of the Doppler effect,a light- or sound-emitting object moving toward you has a ________ than a stationary object.

Briefly describe how our Solar System formed,according to the nebular theory.

The figure below shows a moving source of light with four stationary observers at different locations.Which observer will see red-shifted light from the moving source?

Aside from the Earth,the terrestrial planets are

The change in wavelength (and therefore frequency)of waves that happens if the source of the waves is moving is explained by the

The images below show two different nuclear reactions.The left image shows ________,while the right image shows ________.

The branch of science that studies the structure and history of the Universe is

Which of the following is NOT considered a Jovian planet?

The current scientific explanation for the origin of planets,moons,asteroids,and comets in our Solar System is the

When we say that light from a distant stellar object is red-shifted,this means that the light we see

According to the Big Bang theory,

Researchers have determined that the Universe began expanding after the Big Bang.When did the Big Bang event occur?

Eratosthenes was the first person to accurately estimate the size of the Earth.He accomplished this feat by

The metal alloy that makes up the core of the Earth is ________,as compared to the rocky mantle.

By far the most common elements in the Universe and in our Solar System are

Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ________,while the giant planets are made predominantly of ________.

What is happening to the size of the Universe? How do we know?

Which of the following is a terrestrial planet?

Foucault's experiment with a pendulum proved that

Differentiation of the core from the mantle early in the Earth's history was possible because the planet was ________ at the time.

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

The images below show two different nuclear reactions.The left image shows ,while the right image shows .

Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ,while the giant planets are made predominantly of .